Method for transmitting and receiving uplink reference signal for positioning, and device therefor

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure discloses a method for transmitting, by a terminal, an uplink reference signal for positioning in a wireless communication system. In particular, the above disclosure comprises: determining a first power value for a first uplink reference signal and a second power value for a second uplink reference signal; transmitting the first uplink reference signal through a first resource on the basis of the first power value; and transmitting the second uplink reference signal through a second resource on the basis of the second power value, wherein the first power value and the second power value may be different from each other, and the first resource and the second resource may be different from each other.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a method for transmitting andreceiving uplink reference signals for positioning and a device for thesame, and more particularly to a method and device for transmitting andreceiving an Uplink Positioning Reference Signal (UL-PRS) and a SoundingReference Signal (SRS) by adjusting power for the UL-PRS (UplinkPositioning Reference Signal)/SRS(Sounding Reference Signal).

BACKGROUND ART

As more and more communication devices demand larger communicationtraffic along with the current trends, a future-generation 5thgeneration (5G) system is required to provide an enhanced wirelessbroadband communication, compared to the legacy LTE system. In thefuture-generation 5G system, communication scenarios are divided intoenhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliability and low-latencycommunication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), and soon.

Herein, eMBB is a future-generation mobile communication scenariocharacterized by high spectral efficiency, high user experienced datarate, and high peak data rate, URLLC is a future-generation mobilecommunication scenario characterized by ultra-high reliability,ultra-low latency, and ultra-high availability (e.g., vehicle toeverything (V2X), emergency service, and remote control), and mMTC is afuture-generation mobile communication scenario characterized by lowcost, low energy, short packet, and massive connectivity (e.g., Internetof things (IoT)).\

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method and devicefor transmitting and receiving uplink reference signals for positioning.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the objectsthat could be achieved with the present disclosure are not limited towhat has been particularly described hereinabove and the above and otherobjects that the present disclosure could achieve will be more clearlyunderstood from the following detailed description.

Technical Solutions

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a method forenabling a user equipment (UE) to transmit an uplink (UL) referencesignal for positioning in a wireless communication system may includedetermining a first power value for a first uplink (UL) reference signaland a second power value for a second uplink (UL) reference signal;transmitting the first uplink (UL) reference signal through a firstresource based on the first power value; and transmitting the seconduplink (UL) reference signal through a second resource based on thesecond power value, wherein, the first power value and the second powervalue are different from each other; and the first resource and thesecond resource are different from each other.

The first power value may be determined based on a pathloss value of aserving cell, and the second power value may be maximum power of theuser equipment (UE).

The first power value may be determined based on a pathloss value of aserving cell, and the second power value may be determined based on apathloss value of a base station (BS) located farthest from the userequipment (UE).

The first power value may be determined based on a pathloss value of abase station (BS) located closest to the user equipment (UE), and thesecond power value may be maximum power of the user equipment (UE).

The first power value may be determined based on a pathloss value of abase station (BS) located closest to the user equipment (UE), and thesecond power value may be determined based on a pathloss value of a basestation (BS) located farthest from the user equipment (UE).

The method may further include determining a third power value for athird uplink (UL) reference signal, wherein, the third power value isdifferent from the first power value and the second power value, and athird resource for the third uplink (UL) reference signal is differentfrom the first resource and the second resource.

The first power value may be determined based on a pathloss value of abase station (BS) located closest to the user equipment (UE), the secondpower value may be determined based on a pathloss value of a servingcell, and the third power value may be maximum power of the userequipment (UE).

The first power value may be determined based on a pathloss value of abase station (BS) located closest to the user equipment (UE), the secondpower value may be determined based on a pathloss value of a servingcell, and the third power value may be determined based on a pathlossvalue of a base station (BS) located farthest from the user equipment(UE).

Uplink (UL) signals other than the second uplink (UL) reference signalmay be muted in the second resources.

The first uplink (UL) reference signal may be used for at least onefirst base station (BS) located within a predetermined distance from theuser equipment (UE), and the second uplink (UL) reference signal may beused for at least one second base station (BS) located outside thepredetermined distance from the user equipment (UE).

Each of the first uplink (UL) reference signal and the second uplink(UL) reference signal may be an Uplink Positioning Reference Signal(UL-PRS) or a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS).

The user equipment (UE) may be configured to communicate with at leastone of another user equipment (UE) other than the UE, a network, a basestation (BS), and an autonomous vehicle.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a deviceconfigured to transmit an uplink (UL) reference signal for positioningin a wireless communication system may include at least one processor,and at least one memory operatively connected to the at least oneprocessor, and configured to store instructions such that the at leastone processor performs specific operations by executing theinstructions. The specific operations may include determining a firstpower value for a first uplink (UL) reference signal and a second powervalue for a second uplink (UL) reference signal, transmitting the firstuplink (UL) reference signal through a first resource based on the firstpower value, and transmitting the second uplink (UL) reference signalthrough a second resource based on the second power value. The firstpower value and the second power value may be different from each other,and the first resource and the second resource may be different fromeach other.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a userequipment (UE) configured to transmit an uplink (UL) reference signalfor positioning in a wireless communication system may include at leastone transceiver, at least one processor; and at least one memoryoperatively connected to the at least one processor, and configured tostore instructions such that the at least one processor performsspecific operations by executing the instructions. The specificoperations may include determining a first power value for a firstuplink (UL) reference signal and a second power value for a seconduplink (UL) reference signal, transmitting, by the at least onetransceiver, the first uplink (UL) reference signal through a firstresource based on the first power value, and transmitting, by the atleast one transceiver, the second uplink (UL) reference signal through asecond resource based on the second power value. The first power valueand the second power value may be different from each other, and thefirst resource and the second resource may be different from each other.

Advantageous Effects

As is apparent from the above description, the embodiments of thepresent disclosure can effectively transmit UL-PRS (Uplink PositioningReference Signal)/SRS(Sounding Reference Signal) to a plurality ofTPs/BSs (i.e., Transmission Points (TPs)/Base Stations (BSs)).

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the effectsthat can be achieved with the present disclosure are not limited to whathas been particularly described hereinabove and other advantages of thepresent disclosure will be more clearly understood from the followingdetailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the control-plane and user-planearchitecture of radio interface protocols between a user equipment (UE)and an evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN) inconformance to a 3^(rd) generation partnership project (3GPP) radioaccess network standard

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating physical channels and a general signaltransmission method using the physical channels in a 3GPP system.

FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are diagrams illustrating structures of a radio frameand slots used in a new RAT (NR) system.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary pattern to which a positioning referencesignal (PRS) is mapped in a subframe in LTE system.

FIGS. 7 and 8 are diagrams illustrating the architecture of a system formeasuring the position of a UE and a procedure of measuring the positionof the UE.

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary protocol layer used to support LTEpositioning protocol (LPP) message transfer.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary protocol layer used tosupport NR positioning protocol A (NRPPa) protocol data unit (PDU)transfer.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of an observed timedifference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning method.

FIGS. 12 and 13 are diagrams illustrating uplink beam management basedon a sounding reference signal (SRS).

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating operations of a user equipment (UE)according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating operations of a base station (BS)according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating operations of a location serveraccording to the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating operations of a network according tothe present disclosure.

FIG. 18 illustrate a communication system 1 applied to the presentdisclosure.

FIGS. 19 to 22 illustrate examples of various wireless devices to whichembodiments of the present disclosure are applied.

FIG. 23 illustrates an exemplary location server to which embodiments ofthe present disclosure are applied.

FIG. 24 illustrates an exemplary signal processing circuit to whichembodiments of the present disclosure are applied.

FIGS. 25 and 26 are diagrams illustrating an AI apparatus and AI systemaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

BEST MODE

The configuration, operation, and other features of the presentdisclosure will readily be understood with embodiments of the presentdisclosure described with reference to the attached drawings.Embodiments of the present disclosure as set forth herein are examplesin which the technical features of the present disclosure are applied toa 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) system.

While embodiments of the present disclosure are described in the contextof long term evolution (LTE) and LTE-advanced (LTE-A) systems, they arepurely exemplary. Therefore, the embodiments of the present disclosureare applicable to any other communication system as long as the abovedefinitions are valid for the communication system.

The term, base station (BS) may be used to cover the meanings of termsincluding remote radio head (RRH), evolved Node B (eNB or eNode B),transmission point (TP), reception point (RP), relay, and so on.

The 3GPP communication standards define downlink (DL) physical channelscorresponding to resource elements (REs) carrying information originatedfrom a higher layer, and DL physical signals which are used in thephysical layer and correspond to REs which do not carry informationoriginated from a higher layer. For example, physical downlink sharedchannel (PDSCH), physical broadcast channel (PBCH), physical multicastchannel (PMCH), physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH),physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and physical hybrid ARQindicator channel (PHICH) are defined as DL physical channels, andreference signals (RSs) and synchronization signals (SSs) are defined asDL physical signals. An RS, also called a pilot signal, is a signal witha predefined special waveform known to both a gNode B (gNB) and a userequipment (UE). For example, cell specific RS, UE-specific RS (UE-RS),positioning RS (PRS), and channel state information RS (CSI-RS) aredefined as DL RSs. The 3GPP LTE/LTE-A standards define uplink (UL)physical channels corresponding to REs carrying information originatedfrom a higher layer, and UL physical signals which are used in thephysical layer and correspond to REs which do not carry informationoriginated from a higher layer. For example, physical uplink sharedchannel (PUSCH), physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), and physicalrandom access channel (PRACH) are defined as UL physical channels, and ademodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a UL control/data signal, and asounding reference signal (SRS) used for UL channel measurement aredefined as UL physical signals.

In the present disclosure, the PDCCH/PCFICH/PHICH/PDSCH refers to a setof time-frequency resources or a set of REs, which carry downlinkcontrol information (DCI)/a control format indicator (CFI)/a DLacknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK)/DL data. Further,the PUCCH/PUSCH/PRACH refers to a set of time-frequency resources or aset of REs, which carry UL control information (UCI)/UL data/a randomaccess signal. In the present disclosure, particularly a time-frequencyresource or an RE which is allocated to or belongs to thePDCCH/PCFICH/PHICH/PDSCH/PUCCH/PUSCH/PRACH is referred to as a PDCCHRE/PCFICH RE/PHICH RE/PDSCH RE/PUCCH RE/PUSCH RE/PRACH RE or a PDCCHresource/PCFICH resource/PHICH resource/PDSCH resource/PUCCHresource/PUSCH resource/PRACH resource. Hereinbelow, if it is said thata UE transmits a PUCCH/PUSCH/PRACH, this means that UCI/UL data/a randomaccess signal is transmitted on or through the PUCCH/PUSCH/PRACH.Further, if it is said that a gNB transmits a PDCCH/PCFICH/PHICH/PDSCH,this means that DCI/control information is transmitted on or through thePDCCH/PCFICH/PHICH/PDSCH.

Hereinbelow, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)symbol/carrier/subcarrier/RE to which a CRS/DMRS/CSI-RS/SRS/UE-RS isallocated to or for which the CRS/DMRS/CSI-RS/SRS/UE-RS is configured isreferred to as a CRS/DMRS/CSI-RS/SRS/UE-RS symbol/carrier/subcarrier/RE.For example, an OFDM symbol to which a tracking RS (TRS) is allocated orfor which the TRS is configured is referred to as a TRS symbol, asubcarrier to which a TRS is allocated or for which the TRS isconfigured is referred to as a TRS subcarrier, and an RE to which a TRSis allocated or for which the TRS is configured is referred to as a TRSRE. Further, a subframe configured to transmit a TRS is referred to as aTRS subframe. Further, a subframe carrying a broadcast signal isreferred to as a broadcast subframe or a PBCH subframe, and a subframecarrying a synchronization signal (SS) (e.g., a primary synchronizationsignal (PSS) and/or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)) isreferred to as an SS subframe or a PSS/SSS subframe. An OFDMsymbol/subcarrier/RE to which a PSS/SSS is allocated or for which thePSS/SSS is configured is referred to as a PSS/SSS symbol/subcarrier/RE.

In the present disclosure, a CRS port, a UE-RS port, a CSI-RS port, anda TRS port refer to an antenna port configured to transmit a CRS, anantenna port configured to transmit a UE-RS, an antenna port configuredto transmit a CSI-RS, and an antenna port configured to transmit a TRS,respectively. Antenna port configured to transmit CRSs may bedistinguished from each other by the positions of REs occupied by theCRSs according to CRS ports, antenna ports configured to transmit UE-RSsmay be distinguished from each other by the positions of REs occupied bythe UE-RSs according to UE-RS ports, and antenna ports configured totransmit CSI-RSs may be distinguished from each other by the positionsof REs occupied by the CSI-RSs according to CSI-RS ports. Therefore, theterm CRS/UE-RS/CSI-RS/TRS port is also used to refer to a pattern of REsoccupied by a CRS/UE-RS/CSI-RS/TRS in a predetermined resource area.

<Artificial Intelligence (AI)>

AI refers to the field of studying AI or methodology for making thesame, and machine learning refers to the field of defining variousissues dealt with in the AI field and studying methodology for solvingthe various issues. The machine learning is defined as an algorithm thatenhances the performance of a certain task through consistentexperiences with the task.

An artificial neural network (ANN) is a model used in the machinelearning and may mean a whole model of problem-solving ability which iscomposed of artificial neurons (nodes) that form a network by synapticconnections. The ANN may be defined by a connection pattern betweenneurons in different layers, a learning process for updating modelparameters, and an activation function for generating an output value.

The ANN may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally oneor more hidden layers. Each layer includes one or more neurons, and theANN may include a synapse that links neurons. In the ANN, each neuronmay output the function value of the activation function for inputsignals, weights, and bias input through the synapse.

The model parameter refers to a parameter determined through learningand includes the weight value of a synaptic connection and the bias of aneuron. A hyperparameter means a parameter to be set in the machinelearning algorithm before learning and includes a learning rate, arepetition number, a mini-batch size, and an initialization function.

The purpose of the learning of the ANN may be to determine the modelparameter that minimizes a loss function. The loss function may be usedas an index to determine the optimal model parameter in the learningprocess of the ANN.

Machine learning may be classified into supervised learning,unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning according to learningmechanisms.

The supervised learning may refer to a method of training the ANN in astate that labels for learning data are given, and the label may mean acorrect answer (or result value) that the ANN must infer when thelearning data is input to the ANN. The unsupervised learning may referto a method of training the ANN in a state that labels for learning dataare not given. The reinforcement learning may refer to a method oflearning an agent defined in a certain environment to select a behavioror a behavior sequence that maximizes cumulative compensation in eachstate.

Machine learning implemented with a deep neural network (DNN) includinga plurality of hidden layers among ANNs is referred to as deep learning.The deep running is part of the machine running. The machine learningused herein includes the deep running.

<Robot>

A robot may refer to a machine that automatically processes or operatesa given task based on its own ability. In particular, a robot having afunction of recognizing an environment and making a self-determinationmay be referred to as an intelligent robot.

Robots may be classified into industrial robots, medical robots, homerobots, military robots, etc. according to use purposes or fields.

The robot may include a driving unit having an actuator or a motor andperform various physical operations such as moving a robot joint. Inaddition, a movable robot may include a driving unit having a wheel, abrake, a propeller, etc. and may travel on the ground or fly in the airthrough the driving unit.

<Autonomous Driving (Self-Driving)>

Autonomous driving refers to a technique of driving by itself. Anautonomous driving vehicle refers to a vehicle moving with no usermanipulation or with minimum user manipulation.

For example, the autonomous driving may include a technology formaintaining a current lane, a technology for automatically adjusting aspeed such as adaptive cruise control, a technique for automaticallymoving along a predetermined route, and a technology for automaticallysetting a route and traveling along the route when a destination isdetermined.

The vehicle may include a vehicle having only an internal combustionengine, a hybrid vehicle having an internal combustion engine and anelectric motor together, and an electric vehicle having only an electricmotor. Further, the vehicle may include not only an automobile but alsoa train, a motorcycle, etc.

The autonomous driving vehicle may be regarded as a robot having theautonomous driving function.

<Extended Reality (XR)>

Extended reality is collectively referred to as virtual reality (VR),augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). The VR technologyprovides real-world objects and backgrounds as CG images, the ARtechnology provides virtual CG images on real object images, and the MRtechnology is a computer graphic technology of mixing and combiningvirtual objects with the real world.

The MR technology is similar to the AR technology in that real andvirtual objects are shown together. However, the MR technology isdifferent from the AR technology in that the AR technology uses virtualobjects to complement real objects, whereas the MR technology deal withvirtual and real objects in the same way.

The XR technology may be applied to a HMD, a head-up display (HUD), amobile phone, a tablet PC, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a TV,a digital signage, etc. A device to which the XR technology is appliedmay be referred to as an XR device.

5G communication involving a new radio access technology (NR) systemwill be described below.

Three key requirement areas of 5G are (1) enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB), (2) massive machine type communication (mMTC), and (3)ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC).

Some use cases may require multiple dimensions for optimization, whileothers may focus only on one key performance indicator (KPI). 5Gsupports such diverse use cases in a flexible and reliable way.

eMBB goes far beyond basic mobile Internet access and covers richinteractive work, media and entertainment applications in the cloud oraugmented reality (AR). Data is one of the key drivers for 5G and in the5G era, we may for the first time see no dedicated voice service. In 5G,voice is expected to be handled as an application program, simply usingdata connectivity provided by a communication system. The main driversfor an increased traffic volume are the increase in the size of contentand the number of applications requiring high data rates. Streamingservices (audio and video), interactive video, and mobile Internetconnectivity will continue to be used more broadly as more devicesconnect to the Internet. Many of these applications require always-onconnectivity to push real time information and notifications to users.Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing for mobilecommunication platforms. This is applicable for both work andentertainment. Cloud storage is one particular use case driving thegrowth of uplink data rates. 5G will also be used for remote work in thecloud which, when done with tactile interfaces, requires much lowerend-to-end latencies in order to maintain a good user experience.Entertainment, for example, cloud gaming and video streaming, is anotherkey driver for the increasing need for mobile broadband capacity.Entertainment will be very essential on smart phones and tabletseverywhere, including high mobility environments such as trains, carsand airplanes. Another use case is AR for entertainment and informationsearch, which requires very low latencies and significant instant datavolumes.

One of the most expected 5G use cases is the functionality of activelyconnecting embedded sensors in every field, that is, mMTC. It isexpected that there will be 20.4 billion potential Internet of things(IoT) devices by 2020. In industrial IoT, 5G is one of areas that playkey roles in enabling smart city, asset tracking, smart utility,agriculture, and security infrastructure.

URLLC includes services which will transform industries withultra-reliable/available, low latency links such as remote control ofcritical infrastructure and self-driving vehicles. The level ofreliability and latency are vital to smart-grid control, industrialautomation, robotics, drone control and coordination, and so on.

Now, multiple use cases in a 5G communication system including the NRsystem will be described in detail.

5G may complement fiber-to-the home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (ordata-over-cable service interface specifications (DOCSIS)) as a means ofproviding streams at data rates of hundreds of megabits per second togiga bits per second. Such a high speed is required for TV broadcasts ator above a resolution of 4K (6K, 8K, and higher) as well as virtualreality (VR) and AR. VR and AR applications mostly include immersivesport games. A special network configuration may be required for aspecific application program. For VR games, for example, game companiesmay have to integrate a core server with an edge network server of anetwork operator in order to minimize latency.

The automotive sector is expected to be a very important new driver for5G, with many use cases for mobile communications for vehicles. Forexample, entertainment for passengers requires simultaneous highcapacity and high mobility mobile broadband, because future users willexpect to continue their good quality connection independent of theirlocation and speed. Other use cases for the automotive sector are ARdashboards. These display overlay information on top of what a driver isseeing through the front window, identifying objects in the dark andtelling the driver about the distances and movements of the objects. Inthe future, wireless modules will enable communication between vehiclesthemselves, information exchange between vehicles and supportinginfrastructure and between vehicles and other connected devices (e.g.,those carried by pedestrians). Safety systems may guide drivers onalternative courses of action to allow them to drive more safely andlower the risks of accidents. The next stage will be remote-controlledor self-driving vehicles. These require very reliable, very fastcommunication between different self-driving vehicles and betweenvehicles and infrastructure. In the future, self-driving vehicles willexecute all driving activities, while drivers are focusing on trafficabnormality elusive to the vehicles themselves. The technicalrequirements for self-driving vehicles call for ultra-low latencies andultra-high reliability, increasing traffic safety to levels humanscannot achieve.

Smart cities and smart homes, often referred to as smart society, willbe embedded with dense wireless sensor networks. Distributed networks ofintelligent sensors will identify conditions for cost- andenergy-efficient maintenance of the city or home. A similar setup can bedone for each home, where temperature sensors, window and heatingcontrollers, burglar alarms, and home appliances are all connectedwirelessly. Many of these sensors are typically characterized by lowdata rate, low power, and low cost, but for example, real time highdefinition (HD) video may be required in some types of devices forsurveillance.

The consumption and distribution of energy, including heat or gas, isbecoming highly decentralized, creating the need for automated controlof a very distributed sensor network. A smart grid interconnects suchsensors, using digital information and communications technology togather and act on information. This information may include informationabout the behaviors of suppliers and consumers, allowing the smart gridto improve the efficiency, reliability, economics and sustainability ofthe production and distribution of fuels such as electricity in anautomated fashion. A smart grid may be seen as another sensor networkwith low delays.

The health sector has many applications that may benefit from mobilecommunications. Communications systems enable telemedicine, whichprovides clinical health care at a distance. It helps eliminate distancebarriers and may improve access to medical services that would often notbe consistently available in distant rural communities. It is also usedto save lives in critical care and emergency situations. Wireless sensornetworks based on mobile communication may provide remote monitoring andsensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly importantfor industrial applications. Wires are expensive to install andmaintain, and the possibility of replacing cables with reconfigurablewireless links is a tempting opportunity for many industries. However,achieving this requires that the wireless connection works with asimilar delay, reliability and capacity as cables and that itsmanagement is simplified. Low delays and very low error probabilitiesare new requirements that need to be addressed with 5G.

Finally, logistics and freight tracking are important use cases formobile communications that enable the tracking of inventory and packageswherever they are by using location-based information systems. Thelogistics and freight tracking use cases typically require lower datarates but need wide coverage and reliable location information.

FIG. 1 illustrates control-plane and user-plane protocol stacks in aradio interface protocol architecture conforming to a 3GPP wirelessaccess network standard between a UE and an evolved UMTS terrestrialradio access network (E-UTRAN). The control plane is a path in which theUE and the E-UTRAN transmit control messages to manage calls, and theuser plane is a path in which data generated from an application layer,for example, voice data or Internet packet data is transmitted.

A physical (PHY) layer at layer 1 (L1) provides information transferservice to its higher layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer. ThePHY layer is connected to the MAC layer via transport channels. Thetransport channels deliver data between the MAC layer and the PHY layer.Data is transmitted on physical channels between the PHY layers of atransmitter and a receiver. The physical channels use time and frequencyas radio resources. Specifically, the physical channels are modulated inorthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) for downlink (DL)and in single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) foruplink (UL).

The MAC layer at layer 2 (L2) provides service to its higher layer, aradio link control (RLC) layer via logical channels. The RLC layer at L2supports reliable data transmission. RLC functionality may beimplemented in a function block of the MAC layer. A packet dataconvergence protocol (PDCP) layer at L2 performs header compression toreduce the amount of unnecessary control information and thusefficiently transmit Internet protocol (IP) packets such as IP version 4(IPv4) or IP version 6 (IPv6) packets via an air interface having anarrow bandwidth.

A radio resource control (RRC) layer at the lowest part of layer 3 (orL3) is defined only on the control plane. The RRC layer controls logicalchannels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation toconfiguration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. A radiobearer refers to a service provided at L2, for data transmission betweenthe UE and the E-UTRAN. For this purpose, the RRC layers of the UE andthe E-UTRAN exchange RRC messages with each other. If an RRC connectionis established between the UE and the E-UTRAN, the UE is in RRCConnected mode and otherwise, the UE is in RRC Idle mode. A Non-AccessStratum (NAS) layer above the RRC layer performs functions includingsession management and mobility management.

DL transport channels used to deliver data from the E-UTRAN to UEsinclude a broadcast channel (BCH) carrying system information, a pagingchannel (PCH) carrying a paging message, and a shared channel (SCH)carrying user traffic or a control message. DL multicast traffic orcontrol messages or DL broadcast traffic or control messages may betransmitted on a DL SCH or a separately defined DL multicast channel(MCH). UL transport channels used to deliver data from a UE to theE-UTRAN include a random access channel (RACH) carrying an initialcontrol message and a UL SCH carrying user traffic or a control message.Logical channels that are defined above transport channels and mapped tothe transport channels include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), apaging control channel (PCCH), a Common Control Channel (CCCH), amulticast control channel (MCCH), a multicast traffic channel (MTCH),etc.

FIG. 2 illustrates physical channels and a general method fortransmitting signals on the physical channels in the 3GPP system.

Referring to FIG. 2, when a UE is powered on or enters a new cell, theUE performs initial cell search (S201). The initial cell search involvesacquisition of synchronization to an eNB. Specifically, the UEsynchronizes its timing to the eNB and acquires a cell identifier (ID)and other information by receiving a primary synchronization channel(P-SCH) and a secondary synchronization channel (S-SCH) from the eNB.Then the UE may acquire information broadcast in the cell by receiving aphysical broadcast channel (PBCH) from the eNB. During the initial cellsearch, the UE may monitor a DL channel state by receiving a downlinkreference signal (DL RS).

After the initial cell search, the UE may acquire detailed systeminformation by receiving a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) andreceiving a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) based oninformation included in the PDCCH (S202).

If the UE initially accesses the eNB or has no radio resources forsignal transmission to the eNB, the UE may perform a random accessprocedure with the eNB (S203 to S206). In the random access procedure,the UE may transmit a predetermined sequence as a preamble on a physicalrandom access channel (PRACH) (S203 and S205) and may receive a responsemessage to the preamble on a PDCCH and a PDSCH associated with the PDCCH(S204 and S206). In the case of a contention-based RACH, the UE mayadditionally perform a contention resolution procedure.

After the above procedure, the UE may receive a PDCCH and/or a PDSCHfrom the eNB (S207) and transmit a physical uplink shared channel(PUSCH) and/or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) to the eNB(S208), which is a general DL and UL signal transmission procedure.Particularly, the UE receives downlink control information (DCI) on aPDCCH. Herein, the DCI includes control information such as resourceallocation information for the UE. Different DCI formats are definedaccording to different usages of DCI.

Control information that the UE transmits to the eNB on the UL orreceives from the eNB on the DL includes a DL/UL acknowledgment/negativeacknowledgment (ACK/NACK) signal, a channel quality indicator (CQI), aprecoding matrix index (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), etc. In the 3GPPLTE system, the UE may transmit control information such as a CQI, aPMI, an RI, etc. on a PUSCH and/or a PUCCH.

The use of an ultra-high frequency band, that is, a millimeter frequencyband at or above 6 GHz is under consideration in the NR system totransmit data in a wide frequency band, while maintaining a hightransmission rate for multiple users. The 3GPP calls this system NR. Inthe present disclosure, the system will also be referred to as an NRsystem.

The NR system adopts the OFDM transmission scheme or a similartransmission scheme. Specifically, the NR system may use OFDM parametersdifferent from those in LTE. Further, the NR system may follow thelegacy LTE/LTE-A numerology but have a larger system bandwidth (e.g.,100 MHz). Further, one cell may support a plurality of numerologies inthe NR system. That is, UEs operating with different numerologies maycoexist within one cell.

FIG. 3 illustrates a structure of a radio frame used in NR.

In NR, UL and DL transmissions are configured in frames. The radio framehas a length of 10 ms and is defined as two 5-ms half-frames (HF). Thehalf-frame is defined as five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe is dividedinto one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe depends onsubcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot includes 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbolsaccording to a cyclic prefix (CP). When a normal CP is used, each slotincludes 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot includes 12symbols. Here, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols)and SC-FDMA symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM symbols).

[Table 1] illustrates that the number of symbols per slot, the number ofslots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe vary according tothe SCS when the normal CP is used

TABLE 1 SCS (15*2{circumflex over ( )}u) N^(slot) _(symb) N^(frame, u)_(slot) N^(subframe, u) _(slot) 15 KHz (u = 0) 14 10 1 30 KHz (u = 1) 1420 2 60 KHz (u = 2) 14 40 4 120 KHz (u = 3)  14 80 8 240 KHz (u = 4)  14160 16 * Nslotsymb: Number of symbols in a slot * Nframe, uslot: Numberof slots in a frame * Nsubframe, uslot: Number of slots in a subframe

[Table 2] illustrates that the number of symbols per slot, the number ofslots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe vary according tothe SCS when the extended CP is used.

TABLE 2 SCS (15*2{circumflex over ( )}u) N^(slot) _(symb) N^(frame, u)_(slot) N^(subframe, u) _(slot) 60 KHz (u = 2) 12 40 4

In the NR system, the OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.)may be configured differently among a plurality of cells merged for oneUE. Thus, the (absolute time) duration of a time resource (e.g., SF,slot or TTI) (referred to as a time unit (TU) for simplicity) composedof the same number of symbols may be set differently among the mergedcells.

FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of an NR frame. A slot includes aplurality of symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of thenormal CP, one slot includes seven symbols. On the other hand, in thecase of the extended CP, one slot includes six symbols. A carrierincludes a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. A resourceblock (RB) is defined as a plurality of consecutive subcarriers (e.g.,12 consecutive subcarriers) in the frequency domain. A bandwidth part(BWP) is defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs in the frequencydomain and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length,etc.). A carrier may include up to N (e.g., 4) BWPs. Data communicationis performed through an activated BWP, and only one BWP may be activatedfor one UE. In the resource grid, each element is referred to as aresource element (RE), and one complex symbol may be mapped thereto.

FIG. 5 illustrates a structure of a self-contained slot. In the NRsystem, a frame has a self-contained structure in which a DL controlchannel, DL or UL data, a UL control channel, and the like may all becontained in one slot. For example, the first N symbols (hereinafter, DLcontrol region) in the slot may be used to transmit a DL controlchannel, and the last M symbols (hereinafter, UL control region) in theslot may be used to transmit a UL control channel N and M are integersgreater than or equal to 0. A resource region (hereinafter, a dataregion) that is between the DL control region and the UL control regionmay be used for DL data transmission or UL data transmission. Forexample, the following configuration may be considered. Respectivesections are listed in a temporal order.

1. DL only configuration

2. UL only configuration

3. Mixed UL-DL configuration

-   -   DL region+Guard period (GP)+UL control region    -   DL control region+GP+UL region    -   DL region: (i) DL data region, (ii) DL control region+DL data        region    -   UL region: (i) UL data region, (ii) UL data region+UL control        region

The PDCCH may be transmitted in the DL control region, and the PDSCH maybe transmitted in the DL data region. The PUCCH may be transmitted inthe UL control region, and the PUSCH may be transmitted in the UL dataregion. Downlink control information (DCI), for example, DL datascheduling information, UL data scheduling information, and the like,may be transmitted on the PDCCH. Uplink control information (UCI), forexample, ACK/NACK information about DL data, channel state information(CSI), and a scheduling request (SR), may be transmitted on the PUCCH.The GP provides a time gap in the process of the UE switching from thetransmission mode to the reception mode or from the reception mode tothe transmission mode. Some symbols at the time of switching from DL toUL within a subframe may be configured as the GP.

Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) in LTE System

Positioning may refer to determining the geographical position and/orvelocity of the UE based on measurement of radio signals. Locationinformation may be requested by and reported to a client (e.g., anapplication) associated with the UE. The location information may alsobe requested by a client within or connected to a core network. Thelocation information may be reported in standard formats such ascell-based or geographical coordinates, together with estimated errorsof the position and velocity of the UE and/or a positioning method usedfor positioning.

For such positioning, a positioning reference signal (PRS) may be used.The PRS is a reference signal used to estimate the position of the UE.For example, in the LTE system, the PRS may be transmitted only in a DLsubframe configured for PRS transmission (hereinafter, “positioningsubframe”). If both a multimedia broadcast single frequency network(MBSFN) subframe and a non-MBSFN subframe are configured as positioningsubframes, OFDM symbols of the MBSFN subframe should have the samecyclic prefix (CP) as symbols of subframe #0. If only the MBSFN subframeis configured as the positioning subframe within a cell, OFDM symbolsconfigured for the PRS in the MBSFN subframe may have an extended CP.

The sequence of the PRS may be defined by [Equation 1] below.

$\begin{matrix}{{{r_{l,n_{s}}(m)} = {{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left( {1 - {2 \cdot {c\left( {2m} \right)}}} \right)} + {j\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left( {1 - {2 \cdot {c\left( {{2m} + 1} \right)}}} \right)}}},{m = 0},1,\ldots\;,{{2N_{RB}^{\max,{DL}}} - 1}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

where n_(s) denotes a slot number in a radio frame and 1 denotes an OFDMsymbol number in a slot. N_(RB) ^(max,DL) is represented as an integermultiple of N_(SC) ^(RB) as the largest value among DL bandwidthconfigurations. N_(SC) ^(RB) denotes the size of a resource block (RB)in the frequency domain, for example, 12 subcarriers.

c(i) denotes a pseudo-random sequence and may be initialized by[Equation 2] below.

$\begin{matrix}{c_{init} = {{2^{28} \cdot \left\lfloor {N_{ID}^{PRS}\text{/}512} \right\rfloor} + {2^{10} \cdot \left( {{7 \cdot \left( {n_{s} + 1} \right)} + l + 1} \right) \cdot \left( {{2 \cdot \left( {N_{ID}^{PRS}\mspace{14mu}{mod}\; 512} \right)} + 1} \right)} + {2 \cdot \left( {N_{ID}^{PRS}\mspace{14mu}{mod}\; 512} \right)} + N_{CP}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 2} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

Unless additionally configured by higher layers, N_(ID) ^(PRS) is equalto N_(ID) ^(cell), and NCP is 1 for a normal CP and 0 for an extendedCP.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary pattern to which a PRS is mapped in asubframe. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the PRS may be transmitted throughan antenna port 6. FIG. 6(a) illustrates mapping of the PRS in thenormal CP and FIG. 6(b) illustrates mapping of the PRS in the extendedCP.

The PRS may be transmitted in consecutive subframes grouped forpositioning. The subframes grouped for positioning are referred to as apositioning occasion. The positioning occasion may consist of 1, 2, 4 or6 subframes. The positioning occasion may occur periodically at aperiodicity of 160, 320, 640 or 1280 subframes. A cell-specific subframeoffset value may be defined to indicate the starting subframe of PRStransmission. The offset value and the periodicity of the positioningoccasion for PRS transmission may be derived from PRS configurationindexes as listed in [Table 3] below.

TABLE 3 PRS configuration PRS periodicity PRS subframe offset Index(I_(PRS)) (subframes) (subframes)  0-159 160 I_(PRS) 160-479 320I_(PRS)-160   480-1119 640 I_(PRS)-480  1120-2399 1280 I_(PRS)-11202400-2404 5 I_(PRS)-2400 2405-2414 10 I_(PRS)-2405 2415-2434 20I_(PRS)-2415 2435-2474 40 I_(PRS)-2435 2475-2554 80 I_(PRS)-24752555-4095 Reserved

A PRS included in each positioning occasion is transmitted with constantpower. A PRS in a certain positioning occasion may be transmitted withzero power, which is referred to as PRS muting. For example, when a PRStransmitted by a serving cell is muted, the UE may easily detect a PRSof a neighbor cell.

The PRS muting configuration of a cell may be defined by a periodicmuting sequence consisting of 2, 4, 8 or 16 positioning occasions. Thatis, the periodic muting sequence may include 2, 4, 8, or 16 bitsaccording to a positioning occasion corresponding to the PRS mutingconfiguration and each bit may have a value “0” or “1”. For example, PRSmuting may be performed in a positioning occasion with a bit value of“0”.

The positioning subframe is designed to have a low-interference subframeso that no data is transmitted in the positioning subframe. Therefore,the PRS is not subjected to interference due to data transmissionalthough the PRS may interfere with PRSs of other cells.

UE Positioning Architecture in LTE System

FIG. 7 illustrates the architecture of a 5G system applicable topositioning of a UE connected to a next generation-radio access network(NG-RAN) or an E-UTRAN.

Referring to FIG. 7, a core access and mobility management function(AMF) may receive a request for a location service associated with aparticular target UE from another entity such as a gateway mobilelocation center (GMLC) or the AMF itself decides to initiate thelocation service on behalf of the particular target UE. Then, the AMFtransmits a request for a location service to a location managementfunction (LMF). Upon receiving the request for the location service, theLMF may process the request for the location service and then returnsthe processing result including the estimated position of the UE to theAMF. In the case of a location service requested by an entity such asthe GMLC other than the AMF, the AMF may transmit the processing resultreceived from the LMF to this entity.

A new generation evolved-NB (ng-eNB) and a gNB are network elements ofthe NG-RAN capable of providing a measurement result for positioning.The ng-eNB and the gNB may measure radio signals for a target UE andtransmits a measurement result value to the LMF. The ng-eNB may controlseveral transmission points (TPs), such as remote radio heads, orPRS-only TPs for support of a PRS-based beacon system for E-UTRA.

The LMF is connected to an enhanced serving mobile location center(E-SMLC) which may enable the LMF to access the E-UTRAN. For example,the E-SMLC may enable the LMF to support an observed time difference ofarrival (OTDOA), which is one of positioning methods of the E-UTRAN,using DL measurement obtained by a target UE through signals transmittedby eNBs and/or PRS-only TPs in the E-UTRAN.

The LMF may be connected to an SUPL location platform (SLP). The LMF maysupport and manage different location services for target UEs. The LMFmay interact with a serving ng-eNB or a serving gNB for a target UE inorder to obtain positioning for the UE. For positioning of the targetUE, the LMF may determine positioning methods, based on a locationservice (LCS) client type, required quality of service (QoS), UEpositioning capabilities, gNB positioning capabilities, and ng-eNBpositioning capabilities, and then apply these positioning methods tothe serving gNB and/or serving ng-eNB. The LMF may determine additionalinformation such as accuracy of the location estimate and velocity ofthe target UE. The SLP is a secure user plane location (SUPL) entityresponsible for positioning over a user plane.

The UE may measure the position thereof using DL RSs transmitted by theNG-RAN and the E-UTRAN. The DL RSs transmitted by the NG-RAN and theE-UTRAN to the UE may include a SS/PBCH block, a CSI-RS, and/or a PRS.Which DL RS is used to measure the position of the UE may conform toconfiguration of LMF/E-SMLC/ng-eNB/E-UTRAN etc. The position of the UEmay be measured by an RAT-independent scheme using different globalnavigation satellite systems (GNSSs), terrestrial beacon systems (TBSs),WLAN access points, Bluetooth beacons, and sensors (e.g., barometricsensors) installed in the UE. The UE may also contain LCS applicationsor access an LCS application through communication with a networkaccessed thereby or through another application contained therein. TheLCS application may include measurement and calculation functions neededto determine the position of the UE. For example, the UE may contain anindependent positioning function such as a global positioning system(GPS) and report the position thereof, independent of NG-RANtransmission. Such independently obtained positioning information may beused as assistance information of positioning information obtained fromthe network.

Operation for UE Positioning

FIG. 8 illustrates an implementation example of a network for UEpositioning. When an AMF receives a request for a location service inthe case in which the UE is in connection management (CM)-IDLE state,the AMF may make a request for a network triggered service in order toestablish a signaling connection with the UE and to assign a specificserving gNB or ng-eNB. This operation procedure is omitted in FIG. 8. Inother words, in FIG. 8, it may be assumed that the UE is in a connectedmode. However, the signaling connection may be released by an NG-RAN asa result of signaling and data inactivity while a positioning procedureis still ongoing.

An operation procedure of the network for UE positioning will now bedescribed in detail with reference to FIG. 8. In step 1 a, a 5GC entitysuch as GMLC may transmit a request for a location service for measuringthe position of a target UE to a serving AMF. Here, even when the GMLCdoes not make the request for the location service, the serving AMF maydetermine the need for the location service for measuring the positionof the target UE according to step 1 b. For example, the serving AMF maydetermine that itself will perform the location service in order tomeasure the position of the UE for an emergency call.

In step 2, the AMF transfers the request for the location service to anLMF. In step 3 a, the LMF may initiate location procedures with aserving ng-eNB or a serving gNB to obtain location measurement data orlocation measurement assistance data. For example, the LMF may transmita request for location related information associated with one or moreUEs to the NG-RAN and indicate the type of necessary locationinformation and associated QoS. Then, the NG-RAN may transfer thelocation related information to the LMF in response to the request. Inthis case, when a location determination method according to the requestis an enhanced cell ID (E-CID) scheme, the NG-RAN may transferadditional location related information to the LMF in one or more NRpositioning protocol A (NRPPa) messages. Here, the “location relatedinformation” may mean all values used for location calculation such asactual location estimate information and radio measurement or locationmeasurement. Protocol used in step 3 a may be an NRPPa protocol whichwill be described later.

Additionally, in step 3 b, the LMF may initiate a location procedure forDL positioning together with the UE. For example, the LMF may transmitthe location assistance data to the UE or obtain a location estimate orlocation measurement value. For example, in step 3 b, a capabilityinformation transfer procedure may be performed. Specifically, the LMFmay transmit a request for capability information to the UE and the UEmay transmit the capability information to the LMF. Here, the capabilityinformation may include information about a positioning methodsupportable by the LFM or the UE, information about various aspects of aparticular positioning method, such as various types of assistance datafor an A-GNSS, and information about common features not specific to anyone positioning method, such as ability to handle multiple LPPtransactions. In some cases, the UE may provide the capabilityinformation to the LMF although the LMF does not transmit a request forthe capability information.

As another example, in step 3 b, a location assistance data transferprocedure may be performed. Specifically, the UE may transmit a requestfor the location assistance data to the LMF and indicate particularlocation assistance data needed to the LMF. Then, the LMF may transfercorresponding location assistance data to the UE and transfer additionalassistance data to the UE in one or more additional LTE positioningprotocol (LPP) messages. The location assistance data delivered from theLMF to the UE may be transmitted in a unicast manner In some cases, theLMF may transfer the location assistance data and/or the additionalassistance data to the UE without receiving a request for the assistancedata from the UE.

As another example, in step 3 b, a location information transferprocedure may be performed. Specifically, the LMF may send a request forthe location (related) information associated with the UE to the UE andindicate the type of necessary location information and associated QoS.In response to the request, the UE may transfer the location relatedinformation to the LMF. Additionally, the UE may transfer additionallocation related information to the LMF in one or more LPP messages.Here, the “location related information” may mean all values used forlocation calculation such as actual location estimate information andradio measurement or location measurement. Typically, the locationrelated information may be a reference signal time difference (RSTD)value measured by the UE based on DL RSs transmitted to the UE by aplurality of NG-RANs and/or E-UTRANs. Similarly to the abovedescription, the UE may transfer the location related information to theLMF without receiving a request from the LMF.

The procedures implemented in step 3 b may be performed independentlybut may be performed consecutively. Generally, although step 3 b isperformed in order of the capability information transfer procedure, thelocation assistance data transfer procedure, and the locationinformation transfer procedure, step 3 b is not limited to such order.In other words, step 3 b is not required to occur in specific order inorder to improve flexibility in positioning. For example, the UE mayrequest the location assistance data at any time in order to perform aprevious request for location measurement made by the LMF. The LMF mayalso request location information, such as a location measurement valueor a location estimate value, at any time, in the case in which locationinformation transmitted by the UE does not satisfy required QoS.Similarly, when the UE does not perform measurement for locationestimation, the UE may transmit the capability information to the LMF atany time.

In step 3 b, when information or requests exchanged between the LMF andthe UE are erroneous, an error message may be transmitted and receivedand an abort message for aborting positioning may be transmitted andreceived.

Protocol used in step 3 b may be an LPP protocol which will be describedlater.

Step 3 b may be performed additionally after step 3 a but may beperformed instead of step 3 a.

In step 4, the LMF may provide a location service response to the AMF.The location service response may include information as to whether UEpositioning is successful and include a location estimate value of theUE. If the procedure of FIG. 8 has been initiated by step 1 a, the AMFmay transfer the location service response to a 5GC entity such as aGMLC. If the procedure of FIG. 8 has been initiated by step 1 b, the AMFmay use the location service response in order to provide a locationservice related to an emergency call.

Protocol for Location Measurement

(1) LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary protocol layer used to support LPPmessage transfer between an LMF and a UE. An LPP protocol data unit(PDU) may be carried in a NAS PDU between an MAF and the UE. Referringto FIG. 9, LPP is terminated between a target device (e.g., a UE in acontrol plane or an SUPL enabled terminal (SET) in a user plane) and alocation server (e.g., an LMF in the control plane or an SLP in the userplane). LPP messages may be carried as transparent PDUs crossintermediate network interfaces using appropriate protocols, such anNGAP over an NG-C interface and NAS/RRC over LTE-Uu and NR-Uuinterfaces. LPP is intended to enable positioning for NR and LTE usingvarious positioning methods.

For example, a target device and a location server may exchange, throughLPP, capability information therebetween, assistance data forpositioning, and/or location information. The target device and thelocation server may exchange error information and/or indicate stoppingof an LPP procedure, through an LPP message.

(2) NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa)

FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary protocol layer used to support NRPPaPDU transfer between an LMF and an NG-RAN node. NRPPa may be used tocarry information between an NG-RAN node and an LMF. Specifically, NRPPamay exchange an E-CID for measurement transferred from an ng-eNB to anLMF, data for support of an OTDOA positioning method, and a cell-ID anda cell position ID for an NR cell ID positioning method. An AMF mayroute NRPPa PDUs based on a routing ID of an involved LMF over an NG-Cinterface without information about related NRPPa transaction.

An NRPPa procedure for location and data collection may be divided intotwo types. The first type is a UE associated procedure for transmittinginformation about a particular UE (e.g., location measurementinformation) and the second type is a non-UE-associated procedure fortransmitting information applicable to an NG-RAN node and associated TPs(e.g., timing information of the gNB/ng-eNG/TP). The two types may besupported independently or simultaneously.

Positioning Measurement Method

Positioning methods supported in the NG-RAN may include a GNSS, anOTDOA, an E-CID, barometric sensor positioning, WLAN positioning,Bluetooth positioning, a TBS, uplink time difference of arrival (UTDOA)etc. Although any one of the positioning methods may be used for UEpositioning, two or more positioning methods may be used for UEpositioning.

(1) Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA)

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an OTDOA positioning method. The OTDOApositioning method uses time measured for DL signals received frommultiple TPs including an eNB, an ng-eNB, and a PRS-only TP by the UE.The UE measures time of received DL signals using location assistancedata received from a location server. The position of the UE may bedetermined based on such a measurement result and geographicalcoordinates of neighboring TPs.

The UE connected to the gNB may request measurement gaps to performOTDOA measurement from a TP. If the UE is not aware of an SFN of atleast one TP in OTDOA assistance data, the UE may use autonomous gaps toobtain an SFN of an OTDOA reference cell prior to requesting measurementgaps for performing reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurement.

Here, the RSTD may be defined as the smallest relative time differencebetween two subframe boundaries received from a reference cell and ameasurement cell. That is, the RSTD may be calculated as the relativetime difference between the start time of a subframe received from themeasurement cell and the start time of a subframe from the referencecell that is closest to the subframe received from the measurement cell.The reference cell may be selected by the UE.

For accurate OTDOA measurement, it is necessary to measure times ofarrival (ToAs) of signals received from geographically distributed threeor more TPs or BSs. For example, ToAs for TP 1, TP 2, and TP 3 may bemeasured, and an RSTD for TP 1 and TP 2, an RSTD for TP 2 and TP 3, andan RSTD for TP 3 and TP 1 are calculated based on the three ToAs. Ageometric hyperbola may be determined based on the calculated RSTDvalues and a point at which curves of the hyperbola cross may beestimated as the position of the UE. In this case, accuracy and/oruncertainty for each ToA measurement may occur and the estimatedposition of the UE may be known as a specific range according tomeasurement uncertainty.

For example, an RSTD for two TPs may be calculated based on [Equation 3]below.

$\begin{matrix}{{RSTD}_{i},{1 = {\frac{\sqrt{\left( {x_{t} - x_{i}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y_{t} - y_{i}} \right)^{2}}}{c} - \frac{\sqrt{\left( {x_{t} - x_{1}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y_{t} - y_{1}} \right)^{2}}}{c} + \left( {T_{i} - T_{1}} \right) + \left( {n_{i} - n_{1}} \right)}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 3} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

where c is the speed of light, {xt, yt} are (unknown) coordinates of atarget UE, {xi, yi} are (known) coordinates of a TP, and {xl, yl} arecoordinates of a reference TP (or another TP). Here, (Ti−T1) is atransmission time offset between two TPs, referred to as “real timedifferences” (RTDs), and ni and n1 are UE ToA measurement error values.

(2) Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID)

In a cell ID (CID) positioning method, the position of the UE may bemeasured based on geographical information of a serving ng-eNB, aserving gNB, and/or a serving cell of the UE. For example, thegeographical information of the serving ng-eNB, the serving gNB, and/orthe serving cell may be acquired by paging, registration, etc.

The E-CID positioning method may use additional UE measurement and/orNG-RAN radio resources in order to improve UE location estimation inaddition to the CID positioning method. Although the E-CID positioningmethod partially may utilize the same measurement methods as ameasurement control system on an RRC protocol, additional measurementonly for UE location measurement is not generally performed. In otherwords, an additional measurement configuration or measurement controlmessage may not be provided for UE location measurement. The UE does notexpect that an additional measurement operation only for locationmeasurement will be requested and the UE may report a measurement valueobtained by generally measurable methods.

For example, the serving gNB may implement the E-CID positioning methodusing an E-UTRA measurement value provided by the UE.

Measurement elements usable for E-CID positioning may be, for example,as follows.

-   -   UE measurement: E-UTRA reference signal received power (RSRP),        E-UTRA reference signal received quality (RSRQ), UE E-UTRA        reception (RX)-transmission (TX) time difference, GERAN/WLAN        reference signal strength indication (RSSI), UTRAN common pilot        channel (CPICH) received signal code power (RSCP), and/or UTRAN        CPICH Ec/Io    -   E-UTRAN measurement: ng-eNB RX-TX time difference, timing        advance (TADV), and/or angle of arrival (AoA)

Here, TADV may be divided into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

TADV  Type  1 = (ng − eNB  RX − TX  time  difference) + (UE  E − UTRA  RX − TX  time  difference)TADV  Type  2 = ng − eNB  RX − TX  time  difference

AoA may be used to measure the direction of the UE. AoA is defined asthe estimated angle of the UE counterclockwise from the eNB/TP. In thiscase, a geographical reference direction may be north. The eNB/TP mayuse a UL signal such as an SRS and/or a DMRS for AoA measurement. Theaccuracy of measurement of AoA increases as the arrangement of anantenna array increases. When antenna arrays are arranged at the sameinterval, signals received at adjacent antenna elements may haveconstant phase rotate.

(3) Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (UTDOA)

UTDOA is to determine the position of the UE by estimating the arrivaltime of an SRS. When an estimated SRS arrival time is calculated, aserving cell is used as a reference cell and the position of the UE maybe estimated by the arrival time difference with another cell (or aneNB/TP). To implement UTDOA, an E-SMLC may indicate the serving cell ofa target UE in order to indicate SRS transmission to the target UE. TheE-SMLC may provide configurations such as periodic/non-periodic SRS,bandwidth, and frequency/group/sequence hopping.

Beam Management (BM)

The BM refers to a series of processes for acquiring and maintaining aset of BS beams (transmission and reception point (TRP) beams) and/or aset of UE beams available for DL and UL transmission/reception. The BMmay include the following processes and terminology.

-   -   Beam measurement: an operation by which the BS or UE measures        the characteristics of a received beamformed signal    -   Beam determination: an operation by which the BS or UE selects        its Tx/Rx beams    -   Beam sweeping: an operation of covering a spatial domain by        using Tx and/or Rx beams for a prescribed time interval        according to a predetermined method    -   Beam report: an operation by which the UE reports information        about a signal beamformed based on the beam measurement.

UL BM Process

In UL BM, beam reciprocity (or beam correspondence) between Tx and Rxbeams may or may not be established according to the implementation ofthe UE. If the Tx-Rx beam reciprocity is established at both the BS andUE, a UL beam pair may be obtained from a DL beam pair. However, if theTx-Rx beam reciprocity is established at neither the BS nor UE, aprocess for determining a UL beam may be required separately fromdetermination of a DL beam pair.

In addition, even when both the BS and UE maintain the beamcorrespondence, the BS may apply the UL BM process to determine a DL Txbeam without requesting the UE to report its preferred beam.

The UL BM may be performed based on beamformed UL SRS transmission.Whether the UL BM is performed on a set of SRS resources may bedetermined by a usage parameter (RRC parameter). If the usage isdetermined as BM, only one SRS resource may be transmitted for each of aplurality of SRS resource sets at a given time instant.

The UE may be configured with one or more SRS resource sets (through RRCsignaling), where the one or more SRS resource sets are configured bySRS-ResourceSet (RRC parameter). For each SRS resource set, the UE maybe configured with K≥1 SRS resources, where K is a natural number, andthe maximum value of K is indicated by SRS_capability.

The UL BM process may also be divided into Tx beam sweeping at the UEand Rx beam sweeping at the BS similarly to DL BM.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a UL BM process based on an SRS.

FIG. 12(a) shows a process in which the BS determines Rx beamforming,and FIG. 12(b) shows a process in which the UE performs Tx beamsweeping.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a UL BM process basedon an SRS.

-   -   The UE receives RRC signaling (e.g., SRS-Config IE) including a        usage parameter (RRC parameter) set to BM from the BS (S1310).        The SRS-Config IE is used to configure SRS transmission. The        SRS-Config IE includes a list of SRS resources and a list of SRS        resource sets. Each SRS resource set refers to a set of SRS        resources.    -   The UE determines Tx beamforming for SRS resources to be        transmitted based on SRS-SpatialRelation Info included in the        SRS-Config IE (S1320). Here, the SRS-SpatialRelation Info is        configured for each SRS resource and indicates whether the same        beamforming as that used for an SSB, a CSI-RS, or an SRS is        applied for each SRS resource.    -   If SRS-SpatialRelationInfo is configured for the SRS resources,        the same beamforming as that used in the SSB, CSI-RS, or SRS is        applied and transmitted. However, if SRS-SpatialRelationInfo is        not configured for the SRS resources, the UE randomly determines        the Tx beamforming and transmits an SRS based on the determined        Tx beamforming (S1330).

For a P-SRS in which ‘SRS-ResourceConfigType’ is set to ‘periodic’:

i) If SRS-SpatialRelationInfo is set to ‘SSB/PBCH’, the UE transmits thecorresponding SRS by applying the same spatial domain transmissionfilter as a spatial domain reception filter used for receiving theSSB/PBCH (or a spatial domain transmission filter generated from thespatial domain reception filter);

ii) If SRS-SpatialRelationInfo is set to ‘CSI-RS’, the UE transmits theSRS by applying the same spatial domain transmission filter as that usedfor receiving the CSI-RS; or

iii) If SRS-SpatialRelationInfo is set to ‘SRS’, the UE transmits thecorresponding SRS by applying the same spatial domain transmissionfilter as that used for transmitting the SRS.

-   -   Additionally, the UE may or may not receive feedback on the SRS        from the BS as in the following three cases (S1340).

i) When Spatial_Relation_Info is configured for all SRS resources in anSRS resource set, the UE transmits the SRS on a beam indicated by theBS. For example, if Spatial_Relation_Info indicates the same SSB, CRI,or SRI, the UE repeatedly transmits the SRS on the same beam.

ii) Spatial_Relation_Info may not be configured for all SRS resources inthe SRS resource set. In this case, the UE may transmit while changingthe SRS beamforming randomly.

iii) Spatial_Relation_Info may be configured only for some SRS resourcesin the SRS resource set. In this case, the UE may transmit the SRS on anindicated beam for the configured SRS resources, but for SRS resourcesin which Spatial_Relation_Info is not configured, the UE may performtransmission by applying random Tx beamforming.

Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) Power Control

The UE may distribute the same power to antenna ports configured for SRStransmission. If the UE transmits an SRS on active UL BWP b of carrier fof serving cell c using SRS power control adjustment state index 1, SRStransmission power in SRS transmission occasion i may be determined asshown in Equation 4.

${P_{{SRS},b,f,l}\left( {i,q,l} \right)} = {\min{\begin{Bmatrix}{{{P_{{CMAX},f,c}(i)},}\mspace{734mu}} \\{{P_{{O\_{SRS}},b,f,c}\left( q_{i} \right)} + {10{\log_{10}\left( {2^{\mu} \cdot {M_{{SRS},b,f,c}(i)}} \right)}} + {{\alpha_{{SRS},b,f,c}\left( q_{s} \right)} \cdot {{PL}_{b,f,c}\left( q_{d} \right)}} + {h_{b,f,c}\left( {i,l} \right)}}\end{Bmatrix}\mspace{14mu}\lbrack{dBm}\rbrack}}$

In Equation 4, PCMAX,f,c(i) denotes the maximum power output by the UEfor carrier f of serving cell c in SRS transmission occasion i, andPO_SRS,b,f,c (qs) may be obtained based on SRS resource set qs and p0for active UL BWP b.

In addition, MSRS,b,f,c(i) is an SRS bandwidth expressed in the numberof RBs for SRS transmission occasion i on active UL BWP b, andα_(SRS,b,f,c)(q_(s)) may be obtained from alpha for UL BWP b of carrierf of serving cell c and SRS resource set qs. PLb,f,c(qd) is a DLpathloss estimate in dB and may be calculated based on RS index qd foran active DL BWP of the serving cell and SRS resource set qs. The RSindex qd is provided by the higher layer parameter pathlossReferenceRSassociated with SRS resource set qs. The UE may obtain an SS/PBCH blockindex or a CSI-RS resource index from pathlossReferenceRS. If the UEdoes not receive pathlossReferenceRSs, the UE may obtain PLb,f,c(qd) byusing as a RS resource the SS/PBCH block index obtained from a masterinformation block (MIB).

Additionally, hb,f,c(i) may be defined by

${{h_{b,f,c}(i)} = {{h_{b,f,c}\left( {i - i_{0}} \right)} + {\sum\limits_{m = 0}^{{c{(s_{i})}} - 1}\;{\delta_{{SRS},b,f,c}(m)}}}},$

where the value of δ_(SRSb,f,c) may be determined according to apredetermined table. In addition, δ_(SRS,b,f,c)(m) may be jointly codedwith other transmit power control (TPC) commands included in DCI format2_3, and

$\sum\limits_{m = 0}^{{c{(s_{i})}} - 1}\;{\delta_{{SRS},b,f,c}(m)}$

may be determined based on the sum of TPC command values included in aspecific TPC command set.

In cellular communication systems, various methods for detecting andtracking the positions of respective UEs by the BS or UE can bediscussed. Generally, there may be a method for acquiring informationabout the distance between each of BSs having already known positioninformation and each of UEs having already known position information,and acquiring the UE position using the distance information. In orderto obtain information about the distance between each BS and each UE, aRound Trip Time (RTT) indicating the distance between the UE and each BSmay be directly used, or a Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) indicatinginformation about a difference in distance between the UE and each BSmay be used as necessary.

To this end, the LTE system may define a Positioning Reference Signal(PRS) for allowing the UE to obtain a reception (Rx) time of signalsfrom the BS at a high reliability can be defined. For example, the UEmay measure and report an Observed Time Difference Of Arrival (OTDOA)using the PRS.

In order for the BS to perform operation similar to the OTDOA, the LTEsystem may define measurement of Uplink Time Difference Of Arrival(UTDOA). To this end, a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) can be utilizedto measure the UTDOA. SRS may configure a broadband transmission (Tx)frequency. Therefore, when using SRS characteristics, each BS canmeasure a Time of Arrival (TOA) having high accuracy.

On the other hand, for UL positioning in the LTE system or the NRsystem, the UE transmits UL signals to the serving cell and a pluralityof TPs/BSs, so that the operation for applying UL power control of theUL signal to be transmitted to another TP/BS on the basis of the servingcell may be considered undesirable. If the UE controls the UL signal tobe transmitted to the neighbor TP/BS on the basis of the serving cell, arelatively strong signal may be received by the TP/B S adjacent to theUE, and a relatively weak signal may be received by the TP/BS locatedfar from the UE. This may be problematic for both of two TPs or two BSs.In the case of using the TP/BS having received a strong signal, thecorresponding signal may cause strong interference to a signaltransmitted by another UE coexisting in coverage of the correspondingTP/BS. In the case of using the TP/BS having received a weak signal, itmay be difficult for the TP/BS to normally receive the correspondingsignal.

In other words, the UE may transmit the PRS to the plurality of TPs/BSsso as to perform UL positioning. However, when the UE performs powercontrol on the basis of the serving cell, power of signals transmittedto the plurality of TPs/BSs may not be property controlled. Therefore, amethod for increasing hearability of the plurality of TPs/BSs for ULpositioning will hereinafter be described.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating operations of a user equipment (UE)according to the present disclosure. FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustratingoperations of a base station (BS) according to the present disclosure.FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating operations of a location serveraccording to the present disclosure. FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustratingoperations of a network according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating UE operations according to thepresent disclosure. Referring to FIG. 14, the UE may measure a pathlossvalue based on a downlink (DL) signal received from at least oneTP/BS/cell (S1401). The UE may decide power of each of the plurality ofUL-PRSs/SRSs to be transmitted to the plurality of TPs/BSs/cells on thebasis of the pathloss value (S1403), and may transmit each of theplurality of UL-PRSs/SRSs to the plurality of TPs/BSs/cells throughdifferent resources on the basis of the decided power (S1405). Adetailed operation method of the UE operations can be based on thefollowing embodiments.

Meanwhile, the UE shown in FIG. 14 may be any one of various wirelessdevices shown in FIGS. 19 to 22. In other words, the UE operations shownin FIG. 14 may be performed or executed by any one of various wirelessdevices shown in FIGS. 19 to 22. For example, the UE shown in FIG. 14may refer to either the first wireless device 100 shown in FIG. 19 orthe wireless devices 100 and 200 shown in FIG. 20.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating BS operations according to thepresent disclosure. Referring to FIG. 15, the BS may transmit a downlink(DL) signal for pathloss measurement (S1501). In addition, the BS mayreceive the UL-PRS/SRS based on the corresponding BS power determinedbased on the measured pathloss value (S1503). The BS may acquire Time ofArrival (ToA) based on the UL-PRS/SRS (S1505), and may report ToAinformation to the location server (S1507).

A detailed operation method of the BS operation can be based on thefollowing embodiments.

On the other hand, the BS shown in FIG. 15 may be any one of variouswireless devices shown in FIGS. 19 to 22. In other words, the BSoperations shown in FIG. 15 may be performed or executed by any one ofvarious wireless devices shown in FIGS. 19 to 22. For example, the BSshown in FIG. 15 may refer to either the second wireless device 200shown in FIG. 19 or the wireless devices 100 and 200 shown in FIG. 20.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating operations of the location serveraccording to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 16, the locationserver may receive ToA-related information from the BS (S1601), and mayacquire the UE position based on the ToA-related information (S1603).

A detailed operation method of the location server operation can bebased on the following embodiments.

The location server shown in FIG. 16 may refer to the location server 90shown in FIG. 23. In other words, the operation of the location servershown in FIG. 17 can be performed or executed by the location server 90shown in FIG. 23.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating operations of a network according tothe present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 17, the location server maytransmit information related to UL-PRS/SRS configuration to the UEand/or the BS (S1701˜S1703). If the location server does not transmitinformation about UL-PRS/SRS configuration to the UE, the BS maytransmit the information about UL-PRS/SRS configuration to the UE(S1705). In other words, if step S1703 is omitted, step S1705 may beperformed. If step S1703 is performed, step S1705 may not be performed.

The BS may transmit the DL signal for pathloss measurement (S1707). TheUE may measure the pathloss value based on the DL signal received notonly from the above-mentioned BS, but also from at least one TP/BS/cell(S1709). The UE may determine power of each of the UL-PRS/SRS requiredto transmit the plurality of TPs/BSs/cells on the basis of the pathlossvalue (S1711), and may transmit each of the UL-PRS/SRS to the pluralityof TPs/BSs/cells through different resources on the basis of thedetermined power (S1713). The BS may acquire ToA (Time of Arrival) basedon the received UL-PRS/SRS (S1715), and may report ToA-relatedinformation to the location server (S1717). The location server mayacquire the UE position based on the ToA-related information. A detailedoperation method for the network operations shown in FIG. 17 can bebased on the following embodiments.

(1) Embodiment 1

When the UE attempts to transmit the UL-PRS/SRS signal to the BS/TP, theUL-PRS/SRS signal to be transmitted can be divided into two UL-PRS/SRSsignals and then transmitted. The first UL-PRS/SRS signal may becontrolled in power on the basis of the serving cell, and may then betransmitted. For example, the first UL-PRS/SRS signal power can bedetermined based on the pathloss value of the serving cell. The secondUL-PRS/SRS signal can be transmitted with maximum power of the UE.

Resources of the first UL-PRS/SRS signal and resources of the secondUL-PRS/SRS can be distinguished from each other. As a result, when theBS receives the UL-PRS/SRS, interference between two UL-PRS/SRS signalscan be minimized In other words, the first UL-PRS/SRS signal and thesecond UL-PRS/SRS signal can be transmitted through different resources.

In addition, the muting operation can be performed through transmission(Tx) resources of the second UL-PRS/SRS so that another UE is unable totransmit the UL signal through the Tx resources of the secondUL-PRS/SRS. This is because the second UL-PRS/SRS signal to betransmitted with maximum power of the UE does not cause interference toUL signals of other UEs.

In addition, the first UL-PRS/SRS signal can be received by TPs/BSslocated close to the UE, and the second UL-PRS/SRS signal can bereceived by TPs/BSs located far from the UE. Two UL-PRS/SRS signals canbe transmitted through different resources, so that hearability (i.e.,audibility) reduction caused by the near-far problem can be minimized.

(2) Embodiment 2

When the UE transmits the UL-PRS/SRS signal to the plurality of TPs/BSs,the UL-PRS/SRS signal to be transmitted can be divided into twoUL-PRS/SRS signals and then transmitted. The first UL-PRS/SRS signal maybe controlled in power on the basis of the serving cell, and may then betransmitted. For example, the first UL-PRS/SRS signal power can bedetermined based on the pathloss value of the serving cell.

The second UL-PRS/SRS signal may measure the pathloss value of thefarthest TP/BS, power of the second UL-PRS/SRS signal may be controlledbased on the measured pathloss value, and the power control result maythen be transmitted. In this case, the pathloss value may be measuredthrough DL signals to be transmitted by the plurality of TPs/BSs. The UEmay recognize one TP/BS, which corresponds to one DL signal having asmall intensity of reception (Rx) power from among the plurality of DLsignals received from the plurality of TPs/BSs, to be the farthestTP/BS. In other words, the BS may control power of the second UL-PRS/SRSsignal based on one DL signal having the smallest intensity of Rx powerfrom among DL signals received from the plurality of TPs/BSs.

On the other hand, the DL signal for measuring the pathloss value mayrefer to a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) and/or a DownlinkPositioning Reference Signal (DL-PRS).

In addition, resources of the first UL-PRS/SRS signal and resources ofthe second UL-PRS/SRS signal can be distinguished from each other. As aresult, when the BS receives the UL-PRS/SRS signals, interferencebetween two UL-PRS/SRS signals can be minimized In other words, thefirst UL-PRS/SRS signal and the second UL-PRS/SRS signal can betransmitted through different resources.

In addition, the muting operation can be performed through transmission(Tx) resources of the second UL-PRS/SRS so that another UE is unable totransmit the UL signal through the Tx resources of the secondUL-PRS/SRS. Since the UE determines power of the second UL-PRS/SRSsignal based on the farthest TP/BS, there is a high possibility that thesecond UL-PRS/SRS signal has a higher power than a general UL signal, sothat the second UL-PRS/SRS signal to be transmitted with relatively highpower may not cause interference to UL signals of other UEs.

In addition, the first UL-PRS/SRS signal can be received by TPs/BSslocated close to the UE, and the second UL-PRS/SRS signal can bereceived by TPs/BSs located far from the UE. Two UL-PRS/SRS signals canbe transmitted through different resources, so that hearability(audibility) reduction caused by the near-far problem can be minimized.

(3) Embodiment 3

When the UE transmits the UL-PRS/SRS signal to the plurality of TPs/BSs,the UL-PRS/SRS signal to be transmitted can be divided into twoUL-PRS/SRS signals and then transmitted. The first UL-PRS/SRS signal maybe controlled in power on the basis of the nearest TP/BS, and may thenbe transmitted. For example, the UE may recognize one TP/BS, whichcorresponds to one DL signal having the largest intensity of reception(Rx) power among DL signals received from the plurality of TPs/BSs, tobe the nearest TP/BS. Therefore, the UE may measure the pathloss valuebased on one DL signal having the largest intensity of Rx power fromamong DL signals received from the plurality of TPs/BSs. In addition,the UE may perform power control of the first UL-PRS/SRS signal based onthe measured pathloss value, and may then transmit the resultant value.Meanwhile, the DL signal for measuring the pathloss value may refer toan SSB (Synchronization Signal Block) and/or a DL-PRS (DownlinkPositioning Reference Signal).

The second UL-PRS/SRS signal can be transmitted with maximum power ofthe UE.

In addition, resources of the first UL-PRS/SRS signal and resources ofthe second UL-PRS/SRS signal can be distinguished from each other. As aresult, when the BS receives the UL-PRS/SRS signals, interferencebetween two UL-PRS/SRS signals can be minimized In other words, thefirst UL-PRS/SRS signal and the second UL-PRS/SRS signal can betransmitted through different resources.

In addition, the muting operation can be performed through transmission(Tx) resources of the second UL-PRS/SRS so that another UE is unable totransmit the UL signal through the transmission (Tx) resources of thesecond UL-PRS/SRS. This is because the second UL-PRS/SRS signaltransmitted with maximum power of the UE cannot cause interference to ULsignals of other UEs.

In addition, the first UL-PRS/SRS signal can be received by TPs/BSslocated close to the UE, and the second UL-PRS/SRS signal can bereceived by TPs/BSs located far from the UE. Two UL-PRS/SRS signals canbe transmitted through different resources, so that hearability(audibility) reduction caused by the near-far problem can be minimized.

(4) Embodiment 4

When the UE transmits the UL-PRS/SRS signal to the plurality of TPs/BSs,the UL-PRS/SRS signal to be transmitted can be divided into twoUL-PRS/SRS signals and then transmitted. The first UL-PRS/SRS signal maybe controlled in power on the basis of the nearest TP/BS, and may thenbe transmitted. For example, the UE may recognize one TP/BS, whichcorresponds to one DL signal having the largest intensity of reception(Rx) power among DL signals received from the plurality of TPs/BSs, tobe the nearest TP/BS. Therefore, the UE may measure the pathloss valuebased on one DL signal having the largest intensity of Rx power fromamong DL signals received from the plurality of TPs/BSs. In addition,the UE may perform power control of the first UL-PRS/SRS signal based onthe measured pathloss value, and may then transmit the resultant value.

The second UL-PRS/SRS signal may measure the pathloss value of thefarthest TP/BS, power of the second UL-PRS/SRS signal may be controlledbased on the measured pathloss value, and the power control result maythen be transmitted. For example, the UE may recognize one TP/BScorresponding to one DL signal having a small intensity of Rx power fromamong DL signals received by the plurality of TPs/BSs, to be thefarthest TP/BS. In other words, the BS may control power of the secondUL-PRS/SRS signal based on one DL signal having the smallest intensityof Rx power from among DL signals received from the plurality ofTPs/BSs.

Meanwhile, the DL signal for measuring the pathloss value may refer toan SSB (Synchronization Signal Block) and/or a DL-PRS (DownlinkPositioning Reference Signal).

In addition, resources of the first UL-PRS/SRS signal and resources ofthe second UL-PRS/SRS signal can be distinguished from each other. As aresult, when the BS receives the UL-PRS/SRS signals, interferencebetween two UL-PRS/SRS signals can be minimized In other words, thefirst UL-PRS/SRS signal and the second UL-PRS/SRS signal can betransmitted through different resources.

In addition, the muting operation can be performed through transmission(Tx) resources of the second UL-PRS/SRS so that another UE is unable totransmit the UL signal through the Tx resources of the secondUL-PRS/SRS. Since the UE determines power of the second UL-PRS/SRSsignal based on the farthest TP/BS, there is a high possibility that thesecond UL-PRS/SRS signal has a higher power than a general UL signal, sothat the second UL-PRS/SRS signal to be transmitted with relatively highpower may not cause interference to UL signals of other UEs.

In addition, the first UL-PRS/SRS signal can be received by TPs/BSslocated close to the UE, and the second UL-PRS/SRS signal can bereceived by TPs/BSs located far from the UE. Two UL-PRS/SRS signals canbe transmitted through different resources, so that hearability(audibility) reduction caused by the near-far problem can be minimized.

(5) Embodiment 5

When the UE transmits the UL-PRS/SRS signal to the plurality of TPs/BSs,the UL-PRS/SRS signal to be transmitted can be divided into threeUL-PRS/SRS signals and then transmitted. The first UL-PRS/SRS signal maybe controlled in power on the basis of the nearest TP/BS, and may thenbe transmitted. For example, the UE may recognize one TP/BS, whichcorresponds to one DL signal having the largest intensity of reception(Rx) power among DL signals received from the plurality of TPs/BSs, tobe the nearest TP/BS. Therefore, the UE may measure the pathloss valuebased on one DL signal having the largest intensity of Rx power fromamong DL signals received from the plurality of TPs/BSs. In addition,the UE may perform power control of the first UL-PRS/SRS signal based onthe measured pathloss value, and may then transmit the resultant value.Meanwhile, the DL signal for measuring the pathloss value may refer toan SSB(Synchronization Signal Block) and/or a DL-PRS (DownlinkPositioning Reference Signal).

Power of the second UL-PRS/SRS signal may be controlled based on theserving cell, and the power control result may then be transmitted. Forexample, power of the second UL-PRS/SRS signal can be determined basedon the pathloss value of the serving cell.

A third UL-PRS/SRS signal may be transmitted with maximum power of theUE.

In addition, resources of the first UL-PRS/SRS signal, resources of thesecond UL-PRS/SRS signal, and resources of the third UL-RS/SRS signalcan be distinguished from each other. As a result, when the BS receivesthe UL-PRS/SRS signals distinguished from each other, interferencebetween three UL-PRS/SRS signals can be minimized In other words, thefirst UL-PRS/SRS signal, the second UL-PRS/SRS signal, and the thirdUL-PRS/SRS signal can be transmitted through different resources.

However, resources for three UL-PRS/SRS signals need not always beallocated in different ways. For example, resources of the firstUL-PRS/SRS signal may overlap with all or some of resources of thesecond UL-PRS/SRS signal, and the third UL-PRS/SRS signal may betransmitted on resources different from the corresponding resources.

In addition, the muting operation can be performed through transmission(Tx) resources of the third UL-PRS/SRS so that another UE is unable totransmit the UL signal through the Tx resources of the third UL-PRS/SRS.This is because the third UL-PRS/SRS signal transmitted with maximumpower of the UE cannot cause interference to UL signals of other UEs.

The first UL-PRS/SRS signal and the second UL-PRS/SRS signal can bereceived by TPs/BSs located close to the UE, and the third UL-PRS/SRSsignal can be received by TPs/BSs located far from the UE. ThreeUL-PRS/SRS signals can be transmitted through different resources, sothat hearability (audibility) reduction caused by the near-far problemcan be minimized.

(6) Embodiment 6

When the UE transmits the UL-PRS/SRS signal to the plurality of TPs/BSs,the UL-PRS/SRS signal to be transmitted can be divided into threeUL-PRS/SRS signals and then transmitted.

The first UL-PRS/SRS signal may be controlled in power on the basis ofthe nearest TP/BS, and may then be transmitted. For example, the UE mayrecognize one TP/BS, which corresponds to one DL signal having thelargest intensity of reception (Rx) power among DL signals received fromthe plurality of TPs/BSs, to be the nearest TP/BS. Therefore, the UE maymeasure the pathloss value based on one DL signal having the largestintensity of Rx power from among DL signals received from the pluralityof TPs/BSs. In addition, the UE may perform power control of the firstUL-PRS/SRS signal based on the measured pathloss value, and may thentransmit the resultant value.

Power of the second UL-PRS/SRS signal may be controlled based on theserving cell, and the power control result may then be transmitted.

The third UL-PRS/SRS signal may measure the pathloss value of thefarthest TP/BS, power of the third UL-PRS/SRS signal may be controlledbased on the measured pathloss value, and the power control result maythen be transmitted. For example, the UE may recognize one TP/BS, whichcorresponds to one DL signal having a small intensity of reception (Rx)power from among the plurality of DL signals received from the pluralityof TPs/BSs, to be the farthest TP/BS. In other words, the BS may controlpower of the third UL-PRS/SRS signal based on one DL signal having thesmallest intensity of Rx power from among DL signals received from theplurality of TPs/BSs.

Meanwhile, the DL signal for measuring the pathloss value may refer toan SSB(Synchronization Signal Block) and/or a DL-PRS (DownlinkPositioning Reference Signal).

In addition, resources of the first UL-PRS/SRS signal, resources of thesecond UL-PRS/SRS signal, and resources of the third UL-PRS/SRS signalcan be distinguished from each other. As a result, when the BS receivesthree UL-PRS/SRS signals, interference between the three UL-PRS/SRSsignals can be minimized. In other words, the first UL-PRS/SRS signal,the second UL-PRS/SRS signal, and the third UL-PRS/SRS signal can betransmitted through different resources.

However, resources for three UL-PRS/SRS signals need not always beallocated in different ways. For example, resources of the firstUL-PRS/SRS signal may overlap with all or some of resources of thesecond UL-PRS/SRS signal, and the third UL-PRS/SRS signal may betransmitted on resources different from the corresponding resources.

In addition, the muting operation can be performed through transmission(Tx) resources of the third UL-PRS/SRS so that another UE is unable totransmit the UL signal through the Tx resources of the third UL-PRS/SRS.Since the UE determines power of the third UL-PRS/SRS signal based onthe farthest TP/BS, there is a high possibility that the thirdUL-PRS/SRS signal has a higher power than a general UL signal, so thatthe third UL-PRS/SRS signal to be transmitted with relatively high powermay not cause interference to UL signals of other UEs.

The first UL-PRS/SRS signal and the second UL-PRS/SRS signal can bereceived by TPs/BSs located close to the UE, and the third UL-PRS/SRSsignal can be received by TPs/BSs located far from the UE. ThreeUL-PRS/SRS signals can be transmitted through different resources, sothat hearability (audibility) reduction caused by the near-far problemcan be minimized.

The various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods,and/or operation flowcharts of the present disclosure described hereinmay be applied to, but not limited to, various fields requiring wirelesscommunication/connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

More specific examples will be described below with reference to thedrawings. In the following drawings/description, like reference numeralsdenote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, orfunction blocks, unless otherwise specified.

FIG. 18 illustrates a communication system 1 applied to the presentdisclosure.

Referring to FIG. 18, the communication system 1 applied to the presentdisclosure includes wireless devices, BSs, and a network. A wirelessdevice is a device performing communication using radio accesstechnology (RAT) (e.g., 5G NR (or New RAT) or LTE), also referred to asa communication/radio/5G device. The wireless devices may include, notlimited to, a robot 100 a, vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2, an extendedreality (XR) device 100 c, a hand-held device 100 d, a home appliance100 e, an IoT device 100 f, and an artificial intelligence (AI)device/server 400. For example, the vehicles may include a vehiclehaving a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle,and a vehicle capable of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Herein,the vehicles may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., adrone). The XR device may include an augmented reality (AR)/virtualreality (VR)/mixed reality (MR) device and may be implemented in theform of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) mounted ina vehicle, a television (TV), a smartphone, a computer, a wearabledevice, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and soon. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, awearable device (e.g., a smart watch or smart glasses), and a computer(e.g., a laptop). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, awashing machine, and so on. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smartmeter, and so on. For example, the BSs and the network may beimplemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device 200 amay operate as a BS/network node for other wireless devices.

The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connected to the network 300via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices100 a to 100 f, and the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connectedto the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may beconfigured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g.,NR) network. Although the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f maycommunicate with each other through the BSs 200/network 300, thewireless devices 100 a to 100 f may perform direct communication (e.g.,sidelink communication) with each other without intervention of theBSs/network. For example, the vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2 may performdirect communication (e.g. V2V/vehicle-to-everything (V2X)communication). The IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform directcommunication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wirelessdevices 100 a to 100 f.

Wireless communication/connections 150 a, 150 b, and 150 c may beestablished between the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f/BS 200 andbetween the BSs 200. Herein, the wireless communication/connections maybe established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as UL/DLcommunication 150 a, sidelink communication 150 b (or, D2Dcommunication), or inter-BS communication (e.g. relay or integratedaccess backhaul (IAB)). Wireless signals may be transmitted and receivedbetween the wireless devices, between the wireless devices and the BSs,and between the BSs through the wireless communication/connections 150a, 150 b, and 150 c. For example, signals may be transmitted and receivedon various physical channels through the wirelesscommunication/connections 150 a, 150 b and 150 c. To this end, at leasta part of various configuration information configuring processes,various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding,modulation/demodulation, and resource mapping/demapping), and resourceallocation processes, for transmitting/receiving wireless signals, maybe performed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 illustrates wireless devices applicable to the presentdisclosure.

Referring to FIG. 19, a first wireless device 100 and a second wirelessdevice 200 may transmit wireless signals through a variety of RATs(e.g., LTE and NR). {The first wireless device 100 and the secondwireless device 200} may correspond to {the wireless device 100 x andthe BS 200} and/or {the wireless device 100 x and the wireless device100 x} of FIG. 19.

The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 andone or more memories 104, and further include one or more transceivers106 and/or one or more antennas 108. The processor(s) 102 may controlthe memory(s) 104 and/or the transceiver(s) 106 and may be configured toimplement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods,and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, theprocessor(s) 102 may process information in the memory(s) 104 togenerate first information/signals and then transmit wireless signalsincluding the first information/signals through the transceiver(s) 106.The processor(s) 102 may receive wireless signals including secondinformation/signals through the transceiver(s) 106 and then storeinformation obtained by processing the second information/signals in thememory(s) 104. The memory(s) 104 may be connected to the processor(s)102 and may store various pieces of information related to operations ofthe processor(s) 102. For example, the memory(s) 104 may store softwarecode including instructions for performing all or a part of processescontrolled by the processor(s) 102 or for performing the descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowchartsdisclosed in this document. The processor(s) 102 and the memory(s) 104may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed toimplement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 106 may be connectedto the processor(s) 102 and transmit and/or receive wireless signalsthrough the one or more antennas 108. Each of the transceiver(s) 106 mayinclude a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 106 may beinterchangeably used with radio frequency (RF) unit(s). In the presentdisclosure, the wireless device may be a communicationmodem/circuit/chip.

In more detail, a method for controlling instructions and/or operationsby the processor 102 of the first wireless device 100, and theinstructions and/or operations stored in the memory 104 will hereinafterbe described with reference to the attached drawings.

Although the following operations will be disclosed based on the controloperation of the processor 102 when viewed from the processor 102, itshould be noted that software code, etc. required to perform suchoperation can be stored in the memory 104.

The processor 102 may measure the pathloss value based on a downlink(DL) signal received from at least one second wireless device 200.Further, the processor 102 may determine power of each of the pluralityof UL-PRS/SRS signals to be transmitted to the plurality of secondwireless devices 200 on the basis of the pathloss value, and may controlthe transceiver 106 to transmit each of the UL-PRS/SRS signals to theplurality of second wireless devices 200 through different resources onthe basis of the determined power. A detailed operation method of theexemplary operations of the processor 102 can be based on theabove-mentioned embodiments.

The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202and one or more memories 204, and further include one or moretransceivers 206 and/or one or more antennas 208. The processor(s) 202may control the memory(s) 204 and/or the transceiver(s) 206 and may beconfigured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in thisdocument. For example, the processor(s) 202 may process information inthe memory(s) 204 to generate third information/signals and thentransmit wireless signals including the third information/signalsthrough the transceiver(s) 206. The processor(s) 202 may receivewireless signals including fourth information/signals through thetransceiver(s) 106 and then store information obtained by processing thefourth information/signals in the memory(s) 204. The memory(s) 204 maybe connected to the processor(s) 202 and store various pieces ofinformation related to operations of the processor(s) 202. For example,the memory(s) 204 may store software code including instructions forperforming all or a part of processes controlled by the processor(s) 202or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Theprocessor(s) 202 and the memory(s) 204 may be a part of a communicationmodem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). Thetransceiver(s) 206 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 and transmitand/or receive wireless signals through the one or more antennas 208.Each of the transceiver(s) 206 may include a transmitter and/or areceiver. The transceiver(s) 206 may be interchangeably used with RFunit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless device may be acommunication modem/circuit/chip.

In more detail, a method for controlling instructions and/or operationsby the processor 202 of the second wireless device 200, and theinstructions and/or operations stored in the memory 204 will hereinafterbe described with reference to the attached drawings.

Although the following operations will be disclosed based on the controloperation of the processor 202 when viewed from the processor 202, itshould be noted that software code, etc. required to perform suchoperation can be stored in the memory 204.

The processor 202 may control the transceiver 206 to transmit the DLsignal required for pathloss measurement. The processor 202 may controlthe transceiver 206 to receive the UL-PRS/SRS signal based on the secondwireless device 200's power decided based on the measured pathlossvalue. The processor 202 may acquire ToA (Time of Arrival) based on theUL-PRS/SRS signal, and may control the transceiver 206 to report ToAinformation to the location server 90 shown in FIG. 23. A detailedoperation method of the exemplary operations of the processor 202 can bebased on the above-mentioned embodiments.

Now, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will bedescribed in greater detail. One or more protocol layers may beimplemented by, not limited to, one or more processors 102 and 202. Forexample, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one ormore layers (e.g., functional layers such as physical (PHY), mediumaccess control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergenceprotocol (PDCP), RRC, and service data adaptation protocol (SDAP)). Theone or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more protocoldata units (PDUs) and/or one or more service data Units (SDUs) accordingto the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperation flowcharts disclosed in this document. The one or moreprocessors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data,or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in thisdocument and provide the messages, control information, data, orinformation to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The one or moreprocessors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals)including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, orinformation according to the descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in thisdocument and provide the generated signals to the one or moretransceivers 106 and 206. The one or more processors 102 and 202 mayreceive the signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or moretransceivers 106 and 206 and acquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, controlinformation, data, or information according to the descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowchartsdisclosed in this document.

The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to ascontrollers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. Theone or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware,firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or moreapplication specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digitalsignal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices(DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or morefield programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one ormore processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in thisdocument may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmwareor software may be configured to include the modules, procedures, orfunctions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowchartsdisclosed in this document may be included in the one or more processors102 and 202 or may be stored in the one or more memories 104 and 204 andexecuted by the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowchartsdisclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or softwarein the form of code, an instruction, and/or a set of instructions.

The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or moreprocessors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals,messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and/or commands.The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured to includeread-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), electricallyerasable programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), flash memories, harddrives, registers, cash memories, computer-readable storage media,and/or combinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may belocated at the interior and/or exterior of the one or more processors102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected tothe one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies suchas wired or wireless connection.

The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, controlinformation, and/or wireless signals/channels, mentioned in the methodsand/or operation flowcharts of this document, to one or more otherdevices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data,control information, and/or wireless signals/channels, mentioned in thedescriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperation flowcharts disclosed in this document, from one or more otherdevices. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may beconnected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit andreceive wireless signals. For example, the one or more processors 102and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and206 may transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals toone or more other devices. The one or more processors 102 and 202 mayperform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 mayreceive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one ormore other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may beconnected to the one or more antennas 108 and 208 and the one or moretransceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive userdata, control information, and/or wireless signals/channels, mentionedin the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperation flowcharts disclosed in this document, through the one or moreantennas 108 and 208. In this document, the one or more antennas may bea plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas(e.g., antenna ports). The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 mayconvert received wireless signals/channels from RF band signals intobaseband signals in order to process received user data, controlinformation, and wireless signals/channels using the one or moreprocessors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 mayconvert the user data, control information, and wirelesssignals/channels processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202from the baseband signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the oneor more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and/orfilters.

FIG. 20 illustrates another example of a wireless device applied to thepresent disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in variousforms according to a use case/service (refer to FIG. 18).

Referring to FIG. 20, wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to thewireless devices 100 and 200 of FIG. 20 and may be configured to includevarious elements, components, units/portions, and/or modules. Forexample, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include acommunication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, andadditional components 140. The communication unit 110 may include acommunication circuit 112 and transceiver(s) 114. For example, thecommunication circuit 112 may include the one or more processors 102 and202 and/or the one or more memories 104 and 204 of FIG. 19. For example,the transceiver(s) 114 may include the one or more transceivers 106 and206 and/or the one or more antennas 108 and 208 of FIG. 19. The controlunit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, thememory 130, and the additional components 140 and provides overallcontrol to the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 maycontrol an electric/mechanical operation of the wireless device based onprograms/code/instructions/information stored in the memory unit 130.The control unit 120 may transmit the information stored in the memoryunit 130 to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via thecommunication unit 110 through a wireless/wired interface or store, inthe memory unit 130, information received through the wireless/wiredinterface from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via thecommunication unit 110.

The additional components 140 may be configured in various mannersaccording to type of the wireless device. For example, the additionalcomponents 140 may include at least one of a power unit/battery,input/output (I/O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. Thewireless device may be implemented in the form of, not limited to, therobot (100 a of FIG. 18), the vehicles (100 b-1 and 100 b-2 of FIG. 18),the XR device (100 c of FIG. 18), the hand-held device (100 d of FIG.18), the home appliance (100 e of FIG. 18), the IoT device (100 f ofFIG. 18), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a publicsafety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or afinance device), a security device, a climate/environment device, the AIserver/device (400 of FIG. 18), the BSs (200 of FIG. 18), a networknode, or the like. The wireless device may be mobile or fixed accordingto a use case/service.

In FIG. 20, all of the various elements, components, units/portions,and/or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 may be connected toeach other through a wired interface or at least a part thereof may bewirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, ineach of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and thecommunication unit 110 may be connected by wire and the control unit 120and first units (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelessly connected throughthe communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit/portion,and/or module in the wireless devices 100 and 200 may further includeone or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 may beconfigured with a set of one or more processors. For example, thecontrol unit 120 may be configured with a set of a communication controlprocessor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), agraphical processing unit, and a memory control processor. In anotherexample, the memory 130 may be configured with a RAM, a dynamic RAM(DRAM), a ROM, a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory,and/or a combination thereof.

The implementation example of FIG. 20 will hereinafter be described withreference to the attached drawings.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating a hand-held device 100 to whichanother embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied. Thehand-held device may include a smartphone, a tablet (also called asmartpad), a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smart glasses), anda portable computer (e.g., a laptop). The hand-held device 100 may bereferred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobilesubscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an advanced mobilestation (AMS), or a wireless terminal (WT).

Referring to FIG. 21, the hand-held device 100 may include an antennaunit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit130, a power supply unit 140 a, an interface unit 140 b, and aninput/output (I/O) unit 140 c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured asa part of the communication unit 110. The blocks 110 to 130/140 a to 140c correspond to the blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 21, respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., dataand control signals) to and from another wireless device and a BS. Thecontrol unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling elementsof the hand-held device 100. The control unit 120 may include anapplication processor (AP). The memory unit 130 may storedata/parameters/programs/code/commands required for operation of thehand-held device 100. Further, the memory unit 130 may storeinput/output data/information. The power supply unit 140 a may supplypower to the hand-held device 100, and include a wired/wireless chargingcircuit and a battery. The interface unit 140 b may support connectionbetween the hand-held device and other external devices. The interfaceunit 140 b may include various ports (e.g., an audio I/O port and avideo I/O port) for connection to external devices. The I/O unit 140 cmay receive or output video information/signal, audioinformation/signal, data, and/or user-input information. The I/O unit140 c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display140 d, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

For example, for data communication, the I/O unit 140 c may acquireinformation/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, images, and video)received from the user and store the acquired information/signals in thememory unit 130. The communication unit 110 may convert theinformation/signals into radio signals and transmit the radio signalsdirectly to another device or to a BS. Further, the communication unit110 may receive a radio signal from another device or a BS and thenrestore the received radio signal to original information/signal. Therestored information/signal may be stored in the memory unit 130 andoutput in various forms (e.g., text, voice, an image, video, and ahaptic effect) through the I/O unit 140 c.

FIG. 22 illustrates a vehicle or an autonomous driving vehicle appliedto the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle maybe implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned/unmannedaerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like.

Referring to FIG. 22, a vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 mayinclude an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit120, a driving unit 140 a, a power supply unit 140 b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140 d. The antenna unit 108 may beconfigured as a part of the communication unit 110. The blocks110/130/140 a to 140 d correspond to the blocks 110/130/140 of FIG. 20,respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., dataand control signals) to and from external devices such as othervehicles, BSs (e.g., gNBs and road side units), and servers. The controlunit 120 may perform various operations by controlling elements of thevehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100. The control unit 120 mayinclude an ECU. The driving unit 140 a may enable the vehicle or theautonomous driving vehicle 100 to drive on a road. The driving unit 140a may include an engine, a motor, a powertrain, a wheel, a brake, asteering device, and so on. The power supply unit 140 b may supply powerto the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 and include awired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and so on. The sensor unit140 c may acquire information about a vehicle state, ambient environmentinformation, user information, and so on. The sensor unit 140 c mayinclude an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, awheel sensor, a speed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor, a headingsensor, a position module, a vehicle forward/backward sensor, a batterysensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperaturesensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illumination sensor,a pedal position sensor, and so on. The autonomous driving unit 140 dmay implement technology for maintaining a lane on which the vehicle isdriving, technology for automatically adjusting speed, such as adaptivecruise control, technology for autonomously driving along a determinedpath, technology for driving by automatically setting a route if adestination is set, and the like.

For example, the communication unit 110 may receive map data, trafficinformation data, and so on from an external server. The autonomousdriving unit 140 d may generate an autonomous driving route and adriving plan from the obtained data. The control unit 120 may controlthe driving unit 140 a such that the vehicle or autonomous drivingvehicle 100 may move along the autonomous driving route according to thedriving plan (e.g., speed/direction control). During autonomous driving,the communication unit 110 may aperiodically/periodically acquire recenttraffic information data from the external server and acquiresurrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. Duringautonomous driving, the sensor unit 140 c may obtain information about avehicle state and/or surrounding environment information. The autonomousdriving unit 140 d may update the autonomous driving route and thedriving plan based on the newly obtained data/information. Thecommunication unit 110 may transfer information about a vehicleposition, the autonomous driving route, and/or the driving plan to theexternal server. The external server may predict traffic informationdata using AI technology based on the information collected fromvehicles or autonomous driving vehicles and provide the predictedtraffic information data to the vehicles or the autonomous drivingvehicles.

Meanwhile, in order to perform the implementation examples disclosed inthis patent document, the location server 90 shown in FIG. 23 may beused. The location server 90 may be logically or physically connected toa wireless device 70 and/or a network node 80. The wireless device 70may be the first wireless device 100 of FIG. 20 and/or the wirelessdevice 100 or 200 of FIG. 18. The network node 80 may be the secondwireless device 100 of FIG. 18 and/or the wireless device 100 or 200 ofFIG. 19.

The location server 90 may be, without being limited to, an AMF, an LMF,an E-SMLC, and/or an SLP and may be any device only if the device servesas the location server 90 for implementing the embodiments of thepresent disclosure. Although the location server 90 is referred to as alocation server for convenience of description, the location server 90may be implemented not as a server but as a chip. Such a chip may beimplemented to perform all functions of the location server 90 whichwill be described below.

Specifically, the location server 90 includes a transceiver 91 forcommunicating with one or more other wireless devices, network nodes,and/or other elements of a network. The transceiver 91 may include oneor more communication interfaces. The transceiver 91 communicates withone or more other wireless devices, network nodes, and/or other elementsof the network connected through the communication interfaces.

The location server 90 includes a processing chip 92. The processingchip 92 may include at least one processor, such as a processor 93, andat least one memory device, such as a memory 94.

The processing chip 92 may control one or more processes to implementthe methods described in this specification and/or embodiments forproblems to be solved by this specification and solutions to theproblems. In other words, the processing chip 92 may be configured toperform at least one of the embodiments described in this specification.That is, the processor 93 includes at least one processor for performingthe function of the location server 90 described in this specification.For example, one or more processors may control the one or moretransceivers 91 of FIG. 24 to transmit and receive information.

The processing chip 92 includes a memory 94 configured to store data,programmable software code, and/or other information for performing theembodiments described in this specification.

In other words, in the embodiments according to the presentspecification, when the memory 94 is executed by at least one processorsuch as the processor 93, the memory 94 allows the processor 93 toperform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 93 ofFIG. 23 or stores software code 95 including instructions for performingthe embodiments described in this specification.

In more detail, a method for controlling instructions and/or operationsby the processor 93 of the location server 90, and the instructionsand/or operations stored in the memory 94 will hereinafter be describedwith reference to the attached drawings.

Although the following operations will be disclosed based on the controloperation of the processor 93 when viewed from the processor 93, itshould be noted that software code, etc. required to perform suchoperation can be stored in the memory 94.

The processor 93 may control the transceiver 91 to transmit ToA-relatedinformation from the second wireless device 200 shown in FIG. 19. Theprocessor 93 may obtain the position of the first wireless device 100shown in FIG. 19 based on the ToA-related information. The processor 202may acquire ToA (Time of Arrival) based on the UL-PRS/SRS signal, andmay control the transceiver 206 to report ToA information to thelocation server 90 shown in FIG. 23. A detailed operation method of theexemplary operations of the processor 93 can be based on theabove-mentioned embodiments.

FIG. 24 illustrates a signal processing circuit for transmission (Tx)signals.

Referring to FIG. 24, a signal processing circuit 1000 may include ascrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a precoder 1040,a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060. Theoperations/functions shown in FIG. 24 may be performed by the processors102 and 202 and/or the transceivers 106 and 206 shown in FIG. 19,without being limited thereto. Hardware elements shown in FIG. 19 may beimplemented by the processors 102 and 202 and/or the transceivers 106and 206 shown in FIG. 19. For example, the blocks 1010 to 1060 may beimplemented by the processors 102 and 202. In addition, the blocks 1010to 1050 may be implemented by the processors 102 and 202 shown in FIG.19, and the block 1060 may be implemented by the transceivers 106 and206 shown in FIG. 19.

The codeword may be converted into a radio signal (or a radio frequency(RF) signal) through the signal processing circuit 1000 shown in FIG.24. Here, the codeword may be a coded bit sequence of an informationblock. The information block may include a transmission (Tx) block(e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, and/or DL-SCH transmission block). Theradio signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g.,PUSCH, and PDSCH).

In more detail, the codeword may be converted into a bit sequencescrambled by the scrambler 1010. The scramble sequence used for suchscrambling may be generated based on an initialization value, and theinitialization value may include ID information of a wireless device,etc. The scrambled bit-sequence may be modulated into a modulated symbolsequence by the demodulator 1020. The modulation scheme may includepi/2-BPSK(pi/2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying),m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulatedsymbol sequence may be mapped to one or more transmission (Tx) layers bythe layer mapper 1030. Modulated symbols of the respective Tx layers maybe mapped (precoded) to the corresponding antenna port(s) by theprecoder 1040. The output value (z) of the precoder 1040 may be obtainedby multiplying the output value (y) of the layer mapper 1030 by the(N×M) precoding matrix (W). In this case, N is the number of antennaports, and M is the number of Tx layers. In this case, the precoder 1040may perform precoding after transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) isperformed on the complex modulated symbols. In this case, the precoder1040 may perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

The resource mapper 1050 may map the modulated symbols of the respectiveantenna ports to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resourcesmay include a plurality of symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbol andDFT-s-OFDMA symbol) in the time domain, and may include a plurality ofsubcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator 1060 maygenerate radio signals from the mapped modulated symbols, and thegenerated radio signals may be transferred to other devices through therespective antennas. To this end, the signal generator 1060 may includean inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP)inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a frequency uplinkconverter, etc.

The signal processing steps for reception (Rx) signals in the wirelessdevice may be arranged in the reverse order of the signal processingsteps 1010 to 1060 shown in FIG. 25. For example, the wireless devices100 and 200 (shown in FIG. 20) may receive radio signals from theoutside through the antenna ports/transceivers. The received radiosignals may be converted into a baseband signal through a signalrestorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequencydownlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover,and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the basebandsignal may be restored to the codeword after passing through theresource demapper process, the postcoding process, the demodulationprocess, and the descrambling process. The codeword may be restored toan original information block through decoding. Therefore, the signalprocessing circuit (not shown) for Rx signals may include a signalrestorer, a resource demapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, adescrambler, and a decoder.

FIG. 25 illustrates an AI device 100 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

The AI device 100 may be implemented by a stationary or mobile device,for example, a TV, a projector, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a desktopcomputer, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a personaldigital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), anavigation device, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box (STB),a digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) receiver, a radio, a washingmachine, a refrigerator, a desktop computer, a digital signage, a robot,a vehicle, etc.

Referring to FIG. 25, the AI device 100 may include a communication unit110, an input unit 120, a learning processor 130, a sensing unit 140, anoutput unit 150, a memory 170, and a processor 180.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive data to and fromexternal devices such as an AI server 200 and other AI devices 100 a to100 e based on wired or wireless communication technology. For example,the communication unit 110 may transmit and receive sensor information,user inputs, learning models, and control signals to and from theexternal devices.

The communication technology used by the communication unit 110 includesGlobal System for Mobile communication (GSM), Code Division MultipleAccess (CDM), Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G, Wireless Local Area Network(WLAN), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth™, Radio FrequencyIdentification (RFID), Infrared Data Association (IrDA), ZigBee, NearField Communication (NFC), etc.

The input unit 120 may obtain various types of data.

The input unit 120 may include a camera for inputting a video signal, amicrophone for receiving an audio signal, and a user input unit forreceiving information from a user. The camera or microphone may betreated as a sensor, and the signal obtained from the camera ormicrophone may be considered as sensing data or sensor information.

The input unit 120 may obtain learning data for a learning model andinput data to be used when an output is obtained based on the learningmodel. The input unit 120 may obtain raw input data. In this case, theprocessor 180 or learning processor 130 may extract an input feature bypreprocessing the input data.

The learning processor 130 may train a model configured with an ANNbased on the learning data. Here, the trained ANN may be referred to asthe learning model. The learning model may be used to infer a resultvalue for new input data rather than the learning data, and the inferredvalue may be used as a basis for determining whether to perform acertain operation.

In this case, the learning processor 130 may perform AI processingtogether with a learning processor 240 of the AI server 200.

The learning processor 130 may include a memory integrated with orimplemented in the AI device 100. Alternatively, the learning processor130 may be implemented with the memory 170, an external memory directlycoupled to the AI device 100, or a memory in an external device.

The sensing unit 140 may obtain at least one of internal information ofthe AI device 100, surrounding environment information of the AI device100, and user information using various sensors.

The sensor included in the sensing unit 140 may include a proximitysensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magneticsensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor,a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an opticalsensor, a microphone, a LIDAR, a radar, and the like.

The output unit 150 may generate an output related to visual, audible,or tactile sense.

The output unit 150 may include a display unit for outputting visualinformation, a speaker for outputting audible information, a hapticmodule for outputting tactile information, and the like.

The memory 170 may store data supporting various functions of the Aldevice 100. For example, the memory 170 may store input data, learningdata, learning models, learning histories, etc. obtained by the inputunit 120.

The processor 180 may determine at least one executable operation of theAI device 100 based on information determined or generated by a dataanalysis algorithm or machine learning algorithm. The processor 180 maycontrol the components of the AI device 100 to perform the determinedoperation.

To this end, the processor 180 may request, search for, receive, oremploy data of the learning processor 130 or memory 170 and control thecomponents of the AI device 100 to execute an expected or preferableoperation or among the one or more executable operations.

If the processor 180 requires association with an external device toperform the determined operation, the processor 180 may generate acontrol signal for controlling the corresponding external device andtransmit the generated control signal to the external device.

The processor 180 may obtain intention information from a user input anddetermine the intention of the user based on the obtained intentioninformation.

In this case, the processor 180 may obtain the intention informationcorresponding to the user input using at least one of a speech-to-text(STT) engine for converting a voice input into a character string or anatural language processing (NLP) engine for obtaining intentioninformation from a natural language.

At least one of the STT engine and the NLP engine may be configured withthe ANN of which at least a part is trained according to the machinelearning algorithm. At least one of the STT engine and the NLP enginemay be trained by the learning processor 130, by the learning processor240 of the AI server 200, or by distributed processing thereof.

The processor 180 may collect history information including userfeedback on the operation of the AI device 100 and details thereof. Theprocessor 180 may store the history information in the memory 170 orlearning processor 130 or transmit the history information to anexternal device such as the AI server 200. The collected historyinformation may be used to update the learning model.

The processor 180 may control at least some of the components of the AIdevice 100 to drive an application program stored in the memory 170.Further, the processor 180 may operate two or more of the componentsincluded in the AI device 100 in combination to drive the applicationprogram.

FIG. 26 illustrates the AI server 200 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 26, the AI server 200 may mean a device for trainingan ANN based on a machine learning algorithm or a device for using atrained ANN. Here, the AI server 200 may include a plurality of serversto perform distributed processing or may be defined as a 5G network. TheAI server 200 may be included as a part of the AI device 100 to performat least part of AI processing together.

The AI server 200 may include a communication unit 210, a memory 230,the learning processor 240, a processor 260, and the like.

The communication unit 210 may transmit and receive data to and from anexternal device such as the AI device 100.

The memory 230 may include a model storage unit 231. The model storageunit 231 may store a model being trained or trained (or an ANN 231 a)through the learning processor 240.

The learning processor 240 may train the ANN 231 a based on learningdata. The ANN, i.e., a learning model may be included in the AI server200 or in an external device such as the AI device 100.

The learning model may be implemented by hardware, software or acombination thereof. If a part or the entirety of the learning model isimplemented with software, one or more instructions for the learningmodel may be stored in the memory 230.

The processor 260 may infer a result value for new input data based onthe learning model and generate a response or control command based onthe inferred result value.

FIG. 18 illustrates an AI system 1 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure. Referring to FIG. 18, at least one of the AI server200, a robot 100 a, an autonomous driving vehicle 100 b, an XR device100 c, a smartphone 100 d, and a home appliance 100 e is connected to acloud server 10 in the AI system 1. Here, the robot 100 a, theautonomous vehicle 100 b, the XR device 100 c, the smartphone 100 d, orthe home appliance 100 e, to which the AI technology is applied, may bereferred to as an AI device 100 a to 100 e.

The cloud network 10 may refer to a network configuring part of a cloudcomputing infrastructure or a network existing in the cloud computinginfrastructure. Here, the cloud network 10 may be configured with a 3Gnetwork, a 4G or LTE network, or a 5G network.

That is, each of the devices 100 a to 100 e and 200 included in the AIsystem 1 may be connected to each other through the cloud network 10. Inparticular, the devices 100 a to 100 e and 200 may communicate with eachother through a BS or may communicate with each other directly withoutthe BS.

The AI server 200 may include a server in charge of AI processing and aserver in charge of big data computation.

The AI server 200 may be connected to at least one of the robot 100 a,the autonomous vehicle 100 b, the XR device 100 c, the smartphone 100 d,or the home appliance 100 e included in the AI system 1 via the cloudnetwork 10 and help at least part of AI processing of the connected AIdevices 100 a to 100 e.

In this case, the AI server 200 may train an ANN according to a machinelearning algorithm on behalf of the AI devices 100 a to 100 e anddirectly store or transmit a learning model to the AI devices 100 a to100 e.

The AI server 200 may receive input data from the AI devices 100 a to100 e, infer a result value for the received input data based on thelearning model, generate a response or control command based on theinferred result value, and transmit the response or control command tothe AI devices 100 a to 100 e.

Alternatively, the AI devices 100 a to 100 e may directly infer theresult value for the input data based on the learning model and generatethe response or control command based on the inferred result value.

Hereinafter, various embodiments of the AI devices 100 a to 100 e towhich the above-described technology is applied will be described. TheAI devices 100 a to 100 e illustrated in FIG. 20 may be considered as aspecific example of the AI device 100 illustrated in FIG. 20.

<AI+Robot>

If the AI technology is applied to the robot 100 a, the robot 100 a maybe implemented as a guide robot, a transport robot, a cleaning robot, awearable robot, an entertainment robot, a pet robot, an unmanned flyingrobot, etc.

The robot 100 a may include a robot control module for controlling anoperation, and the robot control module may refer to a software moduleor a chip implemented by hardware.

The robot 100 a may obtain state information of the robot 100 a, detect(recognize) a surrounding environment and objects, generate map data,determine a travel route or driving plan, or determine a response oraction to user interaction by using sensor information obtained fromvarious types of sensors.

To determine the travel route or driving plan, the robot 100 a may usesensor information obtained from at least one of the following sensors:a LIDAR, a radar, and a camera to determine a movement route and atravel plan.

The robot 100 a may perform the above-described operations based on alearning model configured with at least one ANN. For example, the robot100 a may recognize the surrounding environment and objects based on thelearning model and determine an operation based on the recognizedsurrounding environment or object. Here, the learning model may bedirectly trained by the robot 100 a or by an external device such as theAI server 200.

The robot 100 a may operate by directly generating a result based on thelearning model. Alternatively, the robot 100 a may transmit sensorinformation to the external device such as the AI server 200 and receivea result generated based on the sensor information.

The robot 100 a may determine the travel route and driving plan based onat least one of the map data, the object information detected from thesensor information, or the object information obtained from the externaldevice. Then, the robot 100 a may move according to the determinedtravel path and driving plan under control of its driving unit.

The map data may include object identification information about variousobjects placed in a space in which the robot 100 a moves. For example,the map data may include object identification information about fixedobjects such as walls and doors and movable objects such as flower potsand desks. The object identification information may include a name, atype, a distance, a position, etc.

The robot 100 a may operate and move by controlling the driving unitbased on the user control/interaction. In this case, the robot 100 a mayobtain intention information from the motion or speech of the user anddetermine a response based on the obtained intention information.

<AI+Autonomous Driving>

If the AI technology is applied to the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b,the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b may be implemented as a mobilerobot, a vehicle, an unmanned flying vehicle, etc.

The autonomous driving vehicle 100 b may include an autonomous drivingcontrol module for controlling the autonomous driving function, and theautonomous driving control module may refer to a software module or achip implemented by hardware. The autonomous driving control module maybe included in the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b as a componentthereof, but it may be implemented with separate hardware and connectedto the outside of the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b.

The autonomous driving vehicle 100 b may obtain state information aboutthe autonomous driving vehicle 100 b based on sensor informationacquired from various types of sensors, detect (recognize) a surroundingenvironment and objects, generate map data, determine a travel route anddriving plan, or determine an operation.

Similarly to the robot 100 a, the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b mayuse the sensor information obtained from at least one of the followingsensors: a LIDAR, a radar, and a camera so as to determine the travelroute and driving plan.

In particular, the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b may recognize anenvironment and objects in an area hidden from view or an area over acertain distance by receiving the sensor information from externaldevices. Alternatively, the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b may receiveinformation, which is recognized by the external devices.

The autonomous driving vehicle 100 b may perform the above-describedoperations based on a learning model configured with at least one ANN.For example, the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b may recognize thesurrounding environment and objects based on the learning model anddetermine the driving path based on the recognized surroundingenvironment and objects. The learning model may be trained by theautonomous driving vehicle 100 a or an external device such as the AIserver 200.

The autonomous driving vehicle 100 b may operate by directly generatinga result based on the learning model. Alternatively, the autonomousdriving vehicle 100 b may transmit sensor information to the externaldevice such as the AI server 200 and receive a result generated based onthe sensor information.

The autonomous driving vehicle 100 b may determine the travel route anddriving plan based on at least one of the map data, the objectinformation detected from the sensor information, or the objectinformation obtained from the external device. Then, the autonomousdriving vehicle 100 b may move according to the determined travel pathand driving plan under control of its driving unit.

The map data may include object identification information about variousobjects placed in a space (e.g., road) in which the autonomous drivingvehicle 100 b moves. For example, the map data may include objectidentification information about fixed objects such as street lamps,rocks, and buildings and movable objects such as vehicles andpedestrians. The object identification information may include a name, atype, a distance, a position, etc.

The autonomous driving vehicle 100 b may operate and move by controllingthe driving unit based on the user control/interaction. In this case,the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b may obtain intention informationfrom the motion or speech of a user and determine a response based onthe obtained intention information.

<AI+XR>

When the AI technology is applied to the XR device 100 c, the XR device100 c may be implemented as a HMD, a HUD mounted in vehicles, a TV, amobile phone, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a homeappliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a fixed robot, a mobile robot,etc.

The XR device 100 c may analyze three-dimensional point cloud data orimage data obtained from various sensors or external devices, generateposition data and attribute data for three-dimensional points, obtaininformation about a surrounding environment or information about a realobject, perform rendering to on an XR object, and then output the XRobject. For example, the XR device 100 c may output an XR objectincluding information about a recognized object, that is, by matchingthe XR object with the recognized object.

The XR device 100 c may perform the above-described operations based ona learning model configured with at least one ANN. For example, the XRdevice 100 c may recognize the real object from the three-dimensionalpoint cloud data or image data based on the learning model and provideinformation corresponding to the recognized real object. The learningmodel may be directly trained by the XR device 100 c or an externaldevice such as the AI server 200.

The XR device 100 c may operate by directly generating a result based onthe learning model. Alternatively, the XR device 100 c may transmitsensor information to the external device such as the AI server 200 andreceive a result generated based on the sensor information.

<AI+Robot+Autonomous Driving>

When the AI technology and the autonomous driving technology are appliedto the robot 100 a, the robot 100 a may be implemented as a guide robot,a transport robot, a cleaning robot, a wearable robot, an entertainmentrobot, a pet robot, an unmanned flying robot, etc.

The robot 100 a to which the AI technology and the autonomous drivingtechnology are applied may refer to the robot 100 a with the autonomousdriving function or the robot 100 a interacting with the autonomousdriving vehicle 100 b.

The robot 100 a having the autonomous driving function may becollectively referred to as a device that move along a given movementpath without human control or a device that moves by autonomouslydetermining its movement path.

The robot 100 a having the autonomous driving function and theautonomous driving vehicle 100 b may use a common sensing method todetermine either a travel route or a driving plan. For example, therobot 100 a having the autonomous driving function and the autonomousdriving vehicle 100 b may determine either the travel route or thedriving plan based on information sensed through a LIDAR, a radar, and acamera.

The robot 100 a interacting with the autonomous driving vehicle 100 bmay exist separately from with the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b.That is, the robot 100 a may perform operations associated with theautonomous driving function inside or outside the autonomous drivingvehicle 100 b or interwork with a user on the autonomous driving vehicle100 b.

The robot 100 a interacting with the autonomous driving vehicle 100 bmay control or assist the autonomous driving function of the autonomousdriving vehicle 100 b by obtaining sensor information on behalf of theautonomous driving vehicle 100 b and providing the sensor information tothe autonomous driving vehicle 100 b or by obtaining sensor information,generating environment information or object information, and providingthe information to the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b.

Alternatively, the robot 100 a interacting with the autonomous drivingvehicle 100 b may monitor the user on the autonomous driving vehicle 100b or control the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b through theinteraction with the user. For example, when it is determined that thedriver is in a drowsy state, the robot 100 a may activate the autonomousdriving function of the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b or assist thecontrol of the driving unit of the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b. Thefunction of the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b controlled by the robot100 a may include not only the autonomous driving function but alsofunctions installed in the navigation system or audio system provided inthe autonomous driving vehicle 100 b.

Alternatively, the robot 100 a interacting with the autonomous drivingvehicle 100 b may provide information to the autonomous driving vehicle100 b outside the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b or assist theautonomous driving vehicle 100 b outside the autonomous driving vehicle100 b. For example, the robot 100 a may provide traffic informationincluding signal information such as smart traffic lights to theautonomous driving vehicle 100 b or automatically connect an electriccharger to a charging port by interacting with the autonomous drivingvehicle 100 b like an automatic electric charger installed in anelectric vehicle.

<AI+Robot+XR>

When the AI technology and the XR technology are applied to the robot100 a, the robot 100 a may be implemented as a guide robot, a transportrobot, a cleaning robot, a wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a petrobot, an unmanned flying robot, a drone, etc.

The robot 100 a to which the XR technology is applied may refer to arobot subjected to control/interaction in an XR image. In this case, therobot 100 a may be separated from the XR device 100 c but interact withthe XR device 100 c.

When the robot 100 a subjected to control/interaction in the XR imageobtains sensor information from sensors including a camera, the robot100 a or XR device 100 c may generate the XR image based on the sensorinformation, and then the XR device 100 c may output the generated XRimage. The robot 100 a may operate based on a control signal inputthrough the XR device 100 c or user interaction.

For example, a user may confirm the XR image corresponding to theperspective of the robot 100 a remotely controlled through an externaldevice such as the XR device 100 c. Then, the user may adjust theautonomous driving path of the robot 100 a or control the operation ormovement of the robot 100 a through interaction therewith or checkinformation about surrounding objects.

<AI+Autonomous Driving+XR>

When the AI technology and the XR technology is applied to theautonomous driving vehicle 100 b, the autonomous driving vehicle 100 bmay be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, an unmanned flyingvehicle, etc.

The autonomous driving vehicle 100 b to which the XR technology isapplied may refer to an autonomous driving vehicle capable of providingan XR image or an autonomous driving vehicle subjected tocontrol/interaction in an XR image. In particular, the autonomousdriving vehicle 100 b subjected to control/interaction in the XR imagemay be separated from the XR device 100 c but interact with the XRdevice 100 c.

The autonomous driving vehicle 100 b capable of providing the XR imagemay obtain sensor information from sensors including a camera and outputthe generated XR image based on the obtained sensor information. Forexample, the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b may include an HUD foroutputting an XR image, thereby providing a user with an XR objectcorresponding to an object in the screen together with a real object.

When the XR object is displayed on the HUD, at least part of the XRobject may overlap with the real object which the user looks at. On theother hand, when the XR object is displayed on a display provided in theautonomous driving vehicle 100 b, at least part of the XR object mayoverlap with the object in the screen. For example, the autonomousdriving vehicle 100 b may output XR objects corresponding to objectssuch as a lane, another vehicle, a traffic light, a traffic sign, atwo-wheeled vehicle, a pedestrian, a building, etc.

When the autonomous driving vehicle 100 b subjected tocontrol/interaction in the XR image may obtain the sensor informationfrom the sensors including the camera, the autonomous driving vehicle100 b or the XR device 100 c may generate the XR image based on thesensor information, and then the XR device 100 c may output thegenerated XR image. The autonomous driving vehicle 100 b may operatebased on a control signal input through an external device such as theXR device 100 c or user interaction.

The embodiments of the present disclosure described herein below arecombinations of elements and features of the present disclosure. Theelements or features may be considered selective unless otherwisementioned. Each element or feature may be practiced without beingcombined with other elements or features. Further, an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may be constructed by combining parts of the elementsand/or features. Operation orders described in embodiments of thepresent disclosure may be rearranged. Some constructions of any oneembodiment may be included in another embodiment and may be replacedwith corresponding constructions of another embodiment. It will beobvious to those skilled in the art that claims that are not explicitlycited in each other in the appended claims may be presented incombination as an embodiment of the present disclosure or included as anew claim by a subsequent amendment after the application is filed.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, a description is madecentering on a data transmission and reception relationship among a BS,a relay, and an MS. In some cases, a specific operation described asperformed by the BS may be performed by an upper node of the BS. Namely,it is apparent that, in a network comprised of a plurality of networknodes including a BS, various operations performed for communicationwith an MS may be performed by the BS, or network nodes other than theBS. The term ‘BS’ may be replaced with the term ‘fixed station’, ‘NodeB’, ‘enhanced Node B (eNode B or eNB)’, ‘access point’, etc. The term‘UE’ may be replaced with the term ‘mobile station (MS)’, ‘mobilesubscriber station (MSS)’, ‘mobile terminal’, etc.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure maybe carried out in other specific ways than those set forth hereinwithout departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of thepresent disclosure. The above embodiments are therefore to be construedin all aspects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of thedisclosure should be determined by the appended claims and their legalequivalents, not by the above description, and all changes coming withinthe meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended tobe embraced therein.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

Although the method and device for transmitting and receiving UL signalsfor positioning according to the present disclosure have been disclosedcentering upon examples applied to 5th generation NewRAT systems, theabove-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure can also beapplied to various wireless communication systems as well as the NewRATsystems.

1. A method for transmitting an uplink (UL) reference signal forpositioning by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication systemcomprising: determining a first power value for a first UL referencesignal and a second power value for a second UL reference signal;transmitting the first UL reference signal through a first resourcebased on the first power value; and transmitting the second UL referencesignal through a second resource based on the second power value,wherein, the first power value and the second power value are differentfrom each other; and the first resource and the second resource aredifferent from each other.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein:the first power value is determined based on a pathloss value of aserving cell; and the second power value is maximum power of the UE. 3.The method according to claim 1, wherein: the first power value isdetermined based on a pathloss value of a serving cell; and the secondpower value is determined based on a pathloss value of a base station(BS) located farthest from the UE.
 4. The method according to claim 1,wherein: the first power value is determined based on a pathloss valueof a base station (BS) located closest to the UE; and the second powervalue is maximum power of the UE.
 5. The method according to claim 1,wherein: the first power value is determined based on a pathloss valueof a base station (BS) located closest to the UE; and the second powervalue is determined based on a pathloss value of a base station (BS)located farthest from the UE.
 6. The method according to claim 1,further comprising: determining a third power value for a third ULreference signal, wherein the third power value is different from thefirst power value and the second power value; and a third resource forthe third UL reference signal is different from the first resource andthe second resource.
 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: thefirst power value is determined based on a pathloss value of a basestation (BS) located closest to the UE; the second power value isdetermined based on a pathloss value of a serving cell; and the thirdpower value is maximum power of the UE.
 8. The method according to claim6, wherein: the first power value is determined based on a pathlossvalue of a base station (BS) located closest to the UE; the second powervalue is determined based on a pathloss value of a serving cell; and thethird power value is determined based on a pathloss value of a basestation (BS) located farthest from the UE.
 9. The method according toclaim 1, wherein: UL signals other than the second UL reference signalare muted in the second resources.
 10. The method according to claim 1,wherein: the first UL reference signal is used for at least one firstbase station (BS) located within a predetermined distance from the UE;and the second UL reference signal is used for at least one second basestation (BS) located outside the predetermined distance from the UE. 11.The method according to claim 1, wherein: the first UL reference signaland the second UL reference signal are an Uplink Positioning ReferenceSignal (UL-PRS) or a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS).
 12. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein: the UE is configured to communicate withat least one of another UE other than the UE, a network, a base station(BS), and an autonomous vehicle.
 13. A device for transmitting an uplink(UL) reference signal for positioning in a wireless communication systemcomprising: at least one processor; and at least one computer memoryoperably connectable to the at least one processor and storinginstructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor toperform operations comprising: determining a first power value for afirst UL reference signal and a second power value for a second ULreference signal; transmitting the first UL reference signal through afirst resource based on the first power value; and transmitting thesecond UL reference signal through a second resource based on the secondpower value, wherein, the first power value and the second power valueare different from each other; and the first resource and the secondresource are different from each other.
 14. A user equipment (UE) fortransmitting an uplink (UL) reference signal for positioning in awireless communication system comprising: at least one transceiver; atleast one processor; and at least one computer memory operablyconnectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that,when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operationscomprising: determining a first power value for a first UL referencesignal and a second power value for a second UL reference signal;transmitting, by the at least one transceiver, the first UL referencesignal through a first resource based on the first power value; andtransmitting, by the at least one transceiver, the second UL referencesignal through a second resource based on the second power value,wherein, the first power value and the second power value are differentfrom each other; and the first resource and the second resource aredifferent from each other.